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Operation method study based on the energy balance of an independent microgrid using solar-powered water electrolyzer and an electric heat pump

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  • Obara, Shin’ya
  • Watanabe, Seizi
  • Rengarajan, Balaji

Abstract

A completely energy-independent microgrid (green microgrid) was examined in this work with the aims of abating greenhouse gas emissions by spreading the use of green energy, providing energy backup systems for disaster, and increasing the energy utilization efficiency with the use of exhaust heat. This paper analyzed the energy supply to six houses in a cold region. The green microgrid consisted of photovoltaics, water electrolyzers, proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEFCs), and heat pumps. To investigate the operation method and the capacity of each piece of equipment in the arrangement, a distributed system with two or more sets of equipment and a central system with one set of equipment were analyzed by a genetic algorithm. By introducing the prior energy need pattern of a cold region into the proposed system, the operation method and equipment capacity based on the power and heat balance were clarified. By introducing the partial load performance of a water electrolyzer and a PEFC into the analysis program, the operation method of each system was investigated. It was found that the area of a solar cell of a distributed system could be reduced by 12% as compared to a central system.

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  • Obara, Shin’ya & Watanabe, Seizi & Rengarajan, Balaji, 2011. "Operation method study based on the energy balance of an independent microgrid using solar-powered water electrolyzer and an electric heat pump," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 5200-5213.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:36:y:2011:i:8:p:5200-5213
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2011.06.022
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    4. Obara, Shin'ya & Morel Rios, Jorge Ricardo & Okada, Masaki, 2015. "Control of cyclic fluctuations in solid oxide fuel cell cogeneration accompanied by photovoltaics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 994-1008.
    5. Romero Rodríguez, Laura & Salmerón Lissén, José Manuel & Sánchez Ramos, José & Rodríguez Jara, Enrique Ángel & Álvarez Domínguez, Servando, 2016. "Analysis of the economic feasibility and reduction of a building’s energy consumption and emissions when integrating hybrid solar thermal/PV/micro-CHP systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 828-838.
    6. Vahl, Fabrício Peter & Rüther, Ricardo & Casarotto Filho, Nelson, 2013. "The influence of distributed generation penetration levels on energy markets," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 226-235.
    7. Entchev, E. & Yang, L. & Ghorab, M. & Lee, E.J., 2013. "Simulation of hybrid renewable microgeneration systems in load sharing applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 252-261.
    8. Niknam, Taher & Golestaneh, Faranak & Malekpour, Ahmadreza, 2012. "Probabilistic energy and operation management of a microgrid containing wind/photovoltaic/fuel cell generation and energy storage devices based on point estimate method and self-adaptive gravitational," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 427-437.
    9. Arsalis, Alexandros & Kær, Søren K. & Nielsen, Mads P., 2015. "Modeling and optimization of a heat-pump-assisted high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell micro-combined-heat-and-power system for residential applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 569-581.
    10. Patrao, Iván & Figueres, Emilio & Garcerá, Gabriel & González-Medina, Raúl, 2015. "Microgrid architectures for low voltage distributed generation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 415-424.

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