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Solar heating by radiant floor: Experimental results and emission reduction obtained with a micro photovoltaic–heat pump system

Author

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  • Izquierdo, M.
  • de Agustín-Camacho, P.

Abstract

An experimental research with a solar photovoltaic thermal (PVT) micro grid feeding a reversible air–water, 6kW heating capacity heat pump, has been carried out from December 2012 to April 2013. Its purpose is to heat a laboratory that is used as a house prototype for the study of heating/cooling systems. It was built in accordance with the 2013 Spanish CTE, and has an area of 35m2 divided into two internal rooms: one of them housing the storage system, the solar controller, the inverter and the control system; the other one is occupied by three people. Its main thermal characteristics are: UA=125W/°C and a maximum thermal load about 6.0kW at the initial time. The PVT field consists of 12 modules, with a total area of 15.7m2 and useful area of 14m2. Each module is composed of 48 polycrystalline silicon cells of 243.4cm2, which with a nominal efficiency 14% can generate a power of 180W, being the total nominal power installed 2.16kW. The PV system stores electricity in 250Ah batteries from where is converted from DC to AC through a 3.0kW inverter that feeds the heat pump. This works supplying 840l/h of hot water at 35–45°C to the radiant floor. The data storing system is recording variables such as solar radiation; temperatures; input power to batteries; heat produced; heat transferred by the radiant floor; heat pump’s COP; isolated ratio; and solar fraction. The objective of this work is to present and discuss the experimental results and the emission reduction of CO2 obtained during the period from 01/12/2012 to 30/04/2013, including the detailed results of two representative days of Madrid’s climate: 28/12/2012 using only PV electricity and 21/01/2013 mixing PV and conventional electricity. The heat pump worked with a maximum COP about 6 when the difference of temperatures TC–TF was maximum, being the seasonal COP about 3.2. The period efficiency to DC electricity generation of the PV field was 9.2% and the efficiency to conversion to AC electricity to drive the heat pump was 5.7%. The global efficiency of solar conversion into heat was 18.2%, the isolation ratio was 69.3%, and the solar fraction about 65.3%. The saving emissions were 836kgCO2/period in the case of a Gasoil boiler substitution and 574kgCO2/period in the case of a Natural Gas boiler substitution. The heat pump contains 1.7kg of refrigerant R410A with a GWP of 3400kg equivalent CO2 to IHT of 20years. The emission of R410A to atmosphere was 0.031kg in 13months, being the equivalent mass of CO2 about 106kg. The thermal component of the modules field has not been used.

Suggested Citation

  • Izquierdo, M. & de Agustín-Camacho, P., 2015. "Solar heating by radiant floor: Experimental results and emission reduction obtained with a micro photovoltaic–heat pump system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 297-307.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:147:y:2015:i:c:p:297-307
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.007
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Said, Zafar & Arora, Sahil & Bellos, Evangelos, 2018. "A review on performance and environmental effects of conventional and nanofluid-based thermal photovoltaics," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 302-316.
    3. Fine, J.P. & Friedman, J. & Dworkin, S.B., 2017. "Detailed modeling of a novel photovoltaic thermal cascade heat pump domestic water heating system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 500-513.
    4. Xiang, Bo & Cao, Xiaoling & Yuan, Yanping & Hasanuzzaman, M. & Zeng, Chao & Ji, Yasheng & Sun, Liangliang, 2018. "A novel hybrid energy system combined with solar-road and soil-regenerator: Sensitivity analysis and optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(PA), pages 419-430.
    5. V. Tirupati Rao & Y. Raja Sekhar, 2023. "Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal (PVT) Collector Systems With Different Absorber Configurations For Thermal Management – A Review," Energy & Environment, , vol. 34(3), pages 690-735, May.
    6. Bisengimana, Emmanuel & Zhou, Jinzhi & Binama, Maxime & Yuan, Yanping, 2022. "Numerical investigation on the factors influencing the temperature distribution of photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) evaporator/condenser for heat pump systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 885-901.
    7. Alpízar-Castillo, Joel & Ramírez-Elizondo, Laura M. & Bauer, Pavol, 2024. "Modelling and evaluating different multi-carrier energy system configurations for a Dutch house," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 364(C).
    8. Fine, J.P. & Friedman, J. & Dworkin, S.B., 2015. "Transient analysis of a photovoltaic thermal heat input process with thermal storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 308-320.
    9. Nick S. Bennett & Brian Lim, 2023. "Assessing the Potential of Heat Pumps to Reduce the Radiator Size on Small Satellites," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-11, May.
    10. Lamnatou, Chr. & Chemisana, D., 2017. "Photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) systems: A review with emphasis on environmental issues," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 270-287.

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