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Air conditioning in the region of Madrid, Spain: An approach to electricity consumption, economics and CO2 emissions

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  • Izquierdo, M.
  • Moreno-Rodríguez, A.
  • González-Gil, A.
  • García-Hernando, N.

Abstract

An understanding of electricity consumption due to residential air conditioning (AC) may improve production and environmental impact strategy design. This article reports on a study of peak and seasonal electricity consumption for residential air conditioning in the region of Madrid, Spain. Consumption was assessed by simulating the operation of AC units at the outdoor summer temperature characteristics of central Spain. AC unit performance when operating under part load conditions in keeping with weather conditions was also studied to find cooling demand and energy efficiency. Likewise final electricity consumption was computed and used to calculate energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). Cooling demand, when family holidays outside the region were factored into the calculations, came to 1.46×109kWh. Associated seasonal electricity demand was 617×106kWh and seasonal performance of AC units around 2.4. Electricity consumption in the whole region was observed to peak on 30 June 2008 at 5.44×106kW, being the load attributable to residential AC 1.79×106kW, resulting about 33% of the total peak consumption. The seasonal cost per household was about €156 and the total equivalent warming impact was 572×103tCO2. The method proposed can be adapted for use in other regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Izquierdo, M. & Moreno-Rodríguez, A. & González-Gil, A. & García-Hernando, N., 2011. "Air conditioning in the region of Madrid, Spain: An approach to electricity consumption, economics and CO2 emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 1630-1639.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:36:y:2011:i:3:p:1630-1639
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.12.068
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Izquierdo, M. & Marcos, J.D. & Palacios, M.E. & González-Gil, A., 2012. "Experimental evaluation of a low-power direct air-cooled double-effect LiBr–H2O absorption prototype," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 737-748.
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    6. Moreno-Rodriguez, A. & Garcia-Hernando, N. & González-Gil, A. & Izquierdo, M., 2013. "Experimental validation of a theoretical model for a direct-expansion solar-assisted heat pump applied to heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 242-253.
    7. Soimakallio, Sampo & Kiviluoma, Juha & Saikku, Laura, 2011. "The complexity and challenges of determining GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions from grid electricity consumption and conservation in LCA (life cycle assessment) – A methodological review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 6705-6713.
    8. Foudi, Sébastien & Spadaro, Joseph V. & Chiabai, Aline & Polanco-Martínez, Josué M. & Neumann, Marc B., 2017. "The climatic dependencies of urban ecosystem services from green roofs: Threshold effects and non-linearity," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 223-233.
    9. Al-Zyoud, S. & Rühaak, W. & Sass, I., 2014. "Dynamic numerical modeling of the usage of groundwater for cooling in north east Jordan – A geothermal case study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 63-72.
    10. Pedro J. Zarco-Periñán & Fco Javier Zarco-Soto & Irene M. Zarco-Soto & José L. Martínez-Ramos & Rafael Sánchez-Durán, 2022. "CO 2 Emissions in Buildings: A Synopsis of Current Studies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-10, September.
    11. Pons, M. & Anies, G. & Boudehenn, F. & Bourdoukan, P. & Castaing-Lasvignottes, J. & Evola, G. & Le Denn, A. & Le Pierrès, N. & Marc, O. & Mazet, N. & Stitou, D. & Lucas, F., 2012. "Performance comparison of six solar-powered air-conditioners operated in five places," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 471-483.
    12. Olaia Eguiarte & Antonio Garrido-Marijuán & Pablo de Agustín-Camacho & Luis del Portillo & Ander Romero-Amorrortu, 2020. "Energy, Environmental and Economic Analysis of Air-to-Air Heat Pumps as an Alternative to Heating Electrification in Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-18, August.
    13. Izquierdo, M. & de Agustín-Camacho, P., 2015. "Solar heating by radiant floor: Experimental results and emission reduction obtained with a micro photovoltaic–heat pump system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 297-307.
    14. Belen Moreno Santamaria & Fernando del Ama Gonzalo & Benito Lauret Aguirregabiria & Juan A. Hernandez Ramos, 2020. "Evaluation of Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption of Water Flow Glazing as a Radiant Heating and Cooling System: A Case Study of an Office Space," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-27, September.
    15. Shahzad, Muhammad Wakil & Lin, Jie & Xu, Ben Bin & Dala, Laurent & Chen, Qian & Burhan, Muhammad & Sultan, Muhammad & Worek, William & Ng, Kim Choon, 2021. "A spatiotemporal indirect evaporative cooler enabled by transiently interceding water mist," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    16. Oh, Seung Jin & Shahzad, Muhammad Wakil & Burhan, Muhammad & Chun, Wongee & Kian Jon, Chua & KumJa, M. & Ng, Kim Choon, 2019. "Approaches to energy efficiency in air conditioning: A comparative study on purge configurations for indirect evaporative cooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 505-515.
    17. Izquierdo, M. & González-Gil, A. & Palacios, E., 2014. "Solar-powered single-and double-effect directly air-cooled LiBr–H2O absorption prototype built as a single unit," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 7-19.
    18. Albaik, Ibrahim & Al-Dadah, Raya & Mahmoud, Saad & Ismail, Mohamed A. & Almesfer, Mohammed K., 2022. "Coated, packed and combined wire finned tube adsorption cooling and desalination system using metal-organic framework: Numerical study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    19. Mota-Babiloni, Adrián & Barbosa, Jader R. & Makhnatch, Pavel & Lozano, Jaime A., 2020. "Assessment of the utilization of equivalent warming impact metrics in refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).

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