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Simulation of bromide and nitrate leaching under heavy rainfall and high-intensity irrigation rates in North China Plain

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  • Wang, Huanyuan
  • Ju, Xiaotang
  • Wei, Yongping
  • Li, Baoguo
  • Zhao, Lulu
  • Hu, Kelin

Abstract

Heavy rainfall and irrigations during the summer months in the North China Plain may cause losses of nitrogen because of nitrate leaching. The objectives of this study were to characterize the leaching of accumulated N in soil profiles, and to determine the usefulness of Br- as a tracer of surface-applied N fertilizer under heavy rainfall and high irrigation rates. A field experiment with bare plots was conducted near Beijing from 5 July to 6 September 2006. The experiment included three treatments: no irrigation (rainfall only, I0), farmers' practice irrigation (rainfall plus 100 mm irrigation, I100) and high-intensity irrigation (rainfall plus 500 mm irrigation, I500), with three replicates. Transport of surface-applied Br- and NO3- (assuming no initial NO3- in the soil profile) and accumulated NO3- in soil profiles were all simulated with the HYDRUS-1D model. The model simulation results showed that Br- leached through the soil profile faster than NO3-. When Br- was used as a tracer for surface-applied N fertilizer to estimate nitrate leaching losses, the amount of N leaching may be overestimated by about 10%. Water drainage and nitrate leaching were dramatically increased as the irrigation rate was increased. The amounts of N leaching out of the 2.1-m soil profile under I0, I100 and I500 treatments were 195 ± 84, 392 ± 136 and 612 ± 211 kg N ha-1, equivalent to about 20 ± 5%, 40 ± 6% and 62 ± 7% of the accumulative N in the soil profile, respectively. N was leached more deeply as the irrigation rate increased. The larger amount of initial accumulated N was in soil profile, the higher percentage of N leaching was. N leaching was also simulated in summer under different weather conditions from 1986 to 2006. The results indicated that nitrate leaching in rainy years were significantly higher than those in dry and normal years. Increasing the irrigation times and decreasing the single irrigation rate after fertilizer application should be recommended.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Huanyuan & Ju, Xiaotang & Wei, Yongping & Li, Baoguo & Zhao, Lulu & Hu, Kelin, 2010. "Simulation of bromide and nitrate leaching under heavy rainfall and high-intensity irrigation rates in North China Plain," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(10), pages 1646-1654, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:97:y:2010:i:10:p:1646-1654
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    1. Li, Xiaoxin & Hu, Chunsheng & Delgado, Jorge A. & Zhang, Yuming & Ouyang, Zhiyun, 2007. "Increased nitrogen use efficiencies as a key mitigation alternative to reduce nitrate leaching in north china plain," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 89(1-2), pages 137-147, April.
    2. Hu, Kelin & Li, Baoguo & Chen, Deli & Zhang, Yuanpei & Edis, Robert, 2008. "Simulation of nitrate leaching under irrigated maize on sandy soil in desert oasis in Inner Mongolia, China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 95(10), pages 1180-1188, October.
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    11. Zhang, Hongyuan & Hu, Kelin & Zhang, Lijuan & Ji, Yanzhi & Qin, Wei, 2019. "Exploring optimal catch crops for reducing nitrate leaching in vegetable greenhouse in North China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 273-282.
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    15. Wang, Zhen & Li, Jiusheng & Li, Yanfeng, 2014. "Simulation of nitrate leaching under varying drip system uniformities and precipitation patterns during the growing season of maize in the North China Plain," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 19-28.
    16. Karandish, Fatemeh & Šimůnek, Jiří, 2018. "An application of the water footprint assessment to optimize production of crops irrigated with saline water: A scenario assessment with HYDRUS," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 67-82.
    17. Dapeng WANG & Liang ZHENG & Songdong GU & Yuefeng SHI & Long LIANG & Fanqiao MENG & Yanbin GUO & Xiaotang JU & Wenliang WU, 2018. "Soil nitrate accumulation and leaching in conventional, optimized and organic cropping systems," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 64(4), pages 156-163.
    18. Haghnazari, Farzad & Karandish, Fatemeh & Darzi-Naftchali, Abdullah & Šimůnek, Jiří, 2020. "Dynamic assessment of the impacts of global warming on nitrate losses from a subsurface-drained rainfed-canola field," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    19. Liang, Kaiming & Zhong, Xuhua & Huang, Nongrong & Lampayan, Rubenito M. & Pan, Junfeng & Tian, Ka & Liu, Yanzhuo, 2016. "Grain yield, water productivity and CH4 emission of irrigated rice in response to water management in south China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 319-331.
    20. Xu, Baoli & Shao, Dongguo & Tan, Xuezhi & Yang, Xia & Gu, Wenquan & Li, Haoxin, 2017. "Evaluation of soil water percolation under different irrigation practices, antecedent moisture and groundwater depths in paddy fields," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 149-158.
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    22. Li, Danfeng, 2020. "Quantifying water use and groundwater recharge under flood irrigation in an arid oasis of northwestern China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
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