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Strong Precipitation and Human Activity Spur Rapid Nitrate Deposition in Estuarine Delta: Multi-Isotope and Auxiliary Data Evidence

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  • Hanyou Xie

    (Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Chong Huang

    (State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Jing Li

    (Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Yitao Zhang

    (Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Xiangbo Xu

    (Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    UN Environment-International Ecosystem Management Partnership (UNEP-IEMP), Beijing 100101, China)

  • Deyao Liu

    (Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Zhu Ouyang

    (Yellow River Delta Modern Agricultural Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

Abstract

The intensive development of the Yellow River Delta has caused huge transportation of non-point pollutants into the Bohai Sea through source river estuaries and thus poses a considerable threat to eco-environmental security in the region. Long-term irrigation in the Yellow River basin, with occasional heavy rainfall and the related effects of ensuring hydrological processes and human activities in terms of nitrate N transport via surface water systems, is unclear. Using stable isotope (δ 2 H-H 2 O and δ 18 O-H 2 O, δ 15 N-NO 3 − and δ 18 O-NO 3 − ) and auxiliary geographic data, the ISO source model was run to quantitatively analyze the supply relationship of river systems and the rapid change in the spatial pattern of nitrate N due to heavy rainfall in the estuarine delta. This analysis made clear the dominant contribution of agricultural activities and urbanization to NO 3 − -N emission, on which basis refined management measures were proposed to deal with NO 3 − in surface water from the “source-process”. The results of the study show that: (1) The relationship of surface water replenishment in the Yellow River Delta was affected not only by rainfall, irrigation, and other water conservancy measures but also the proportion of water from Yellow River flow declined from the source to estuary; (2) To a certain extent, rainfall diluted the concentration of nitrate N in the river and increased instantaneous flux of nitrate N into the sea, where nitrate N flux continuously increased from upstream to downstream; (3) The rapid deposition of nitrate in the estuary delta was driven by heavy rainfall and human activities such as excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers, rapid urbanization, and livestock waste discharge, and; (4) Scientific measures were needed to realize the interactive effect of the output of non-point source pollutants and the carrying and absorption capacity of coastal fragile ecosystems of the exogenous inputs.

Suggested Citation

  • Hanyou Xie & Chong Huang & Jing Li & Yitao Zhang & Xiangbo Xu & Deyao Liu & Zhu Ouyang, 2021. "Strong Precipitation and Human Activity Spur Rapid Nitrate Deposition in Estuarine Delta: Multi-Isotope and Auxiliary Data Evidence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:12:p:6221-:d:571202
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wang, Huanyuan & Ju, Xiaotang & Wei, Yongping & Li, Baoguo & Zhao, Lulu & Hu, Kelin, 2010. "Simulation of bromide and nitrate leaching under heavy rainfall and high-intensity irrigation rates in North China Plain," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(10), pages 1646-1654, October.
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