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Salts dynamics in maize irrigation in the Hetao plateau using static water table lysimeters and HYDRUS-1D with focus on the autumn leaching irrigation

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  • Ramos, Tiago B.
  • Liu, Meihan
  • Paredes, Paula
  • Shi, Haibin
  • Feng, Zhuangzhuang
  • Lei, Huimin
  • Pereira, Luis S.

Abstract

Soil salinization problems are widespread in the Hetao plain, Inner Mongolia, resulting from arid climate conditions, a shallow saline water table, poor irrigation water management, and insufficient drainage. This study follows previous research aimed at evaluating crop water use and controlling the salinity build-up in the region, namely using weighing and static water table lysimeters to parameterize a water balance model aimed at the development of appropriate irrigation scheduling. Two sets of five static water table lysimeters, which fixed depths ranged from 1.25 to 2.25 m, were used over two maize crop seasons. The mechanistic HYDRUS-1D model was further used to daily predict measured data on soil water contents, boundary fluxes in the interface between the saturated and unsaturated zones, the electrical conductivity of the soil saturation paste extract (ECe), and the actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc act). The soil water balance helped quantify the combined effect of water and salinity stresses on root water uptake as well as groundwater fluxes into the rootzone. The salt balance showed that the salinity build-up was much related to irrigation and capillary fluxes, and that the autumn irrigation carried out during the non-growing season was essential for controlling soil salinity. The efficiency of the autumn irrigation much depended on groundwater depth and the amount of water applied for salt leaching, with the best results found for the lysimeters with water table depths at 2.0 and 2.25 m (85–100%) for irrigation depths ≥ 220 mm. The lysimeters with shallower water tables never showed a leaching efficiency higher than 88%. This research shows that the sustainability of irrigation in Hetao depends on finding adequate solutions for controlling the depth of the saline groundwater, minimizing capillary fluxes to the rootzone, and developing consequent approaches for autumn irrigation leaching.

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  • Ramos, Tiago B. & Liu, Meihan & Paredes, Paula & Shi, Haibin & Feng, Zhuangzhuang & Lei, Huimin & Pereira, Luis S., 2023. "Salts dynamics in maize irrigation in the Hetao plateau using static water table lysimeters and HYDRUS-1D with focus on the autumn leaching irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:283:y:2023:i:c:s0378377423001713
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108306
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    3. Tiago B. Ramos & Meihan Liu & Haibin Shi & Paula Paredes & Luis S. Pereira, 2024. "Leaching Efficiency During Autumn Irrigation in China’s Arid Hetao Plain as Influenced by the Depth of Shallow Saline Groundwater and Irrigation Depth, Using Data from Static Water-Table Lysimeters an," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-11, October.
    4. Qi, Zhi & Gao, Ya & Sun, Chen & Ramos, Tiago B. & Mu, Danning & Xun, Yihao & Huang, Guanhua & Xu, Xu, 2024. "Assessing water-nitrogen use, crop growth and economic benefits for maize in upper Yellow River basin: Feasibility analysis for border and drip irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    5. Fu, Chong & Xue, Jing & Chen, Junfeng & Cui, Lihong & Wang, Hui, 2024. "Evaluating spatial and temporal variations of soil water, heat, and salt under autumn irrigation in the Hetao Irrigation District based on distributed SHAW model," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    6. Liu, Yi & Hu, Yue & Wei, Chenchen & Zeng, Wenzhi & Huang, Jiesheng & Ao, Chang, 2024. "Synergistic regulation of irrigation and drainage based on crop salt tolerance and leaching threshold," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).

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