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Maize response to coupled irrigation and nitrogen fertilization under center pivot, subsurface drip and surface (furrow) irrigation: Growth, development and productivity

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  • Irmak, Suat
  • Mohammed, Ali T.
  • Kukal, Meetpal S.

Abstract

Water availability and water quality problems negatively impact agricultural productivity due to improper nitrogen (N) and irrigation management, which can also negatively affect environmental services. Coupled irrigation and N management practices must be developed and practiced for alleviating these challenges. Investigating crop growth and development and yield response to coupled irrigation and N management under different irrigation methods can aid in developing optimum agronomic management practices to enhance crop production efficiency. Field experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 growing seasons to measure and compare maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield, leaf area index (LAI), plant height (and their relationships), and stem diameter under different N application timing treatments and traditional N application under different irrigation methods [center pivot (CP), subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), and furrow irrigation (FI)]. The irrigation levels were full irrigation treatment (FIT or 100%), 80% of FIT, 60% of FIT, and rainfed conditions (RFT) coupled with fertigation application timing treatments. The N treatments were: (i) traditional (TN) with spring pre-plant application, (ii) non-traditional-1 (NT-1) with three pre-season and in-season N applications, and (iii) non-traditional-2 (NT-2) with four pre- and in-season N applications. Grain yield, LAI, and plant height were significantly (p < 0.05) altered by increasing irrigation levels for the traditional N and non-traditional N treatments for the given irrigation method as well between the irrigation methods for the same treatment. The irrigation method had a substantial influence on LAI, and both CP and SDI had 24% higher averaged LAI than FI across traditional N treatments. The highest grain yields were observed under NT-1 and NT-2 at FIT across the irrigation methods. The highest grain yields of 17.3, 16.8 and 15.2 Mg ha-1 were observed in 100% NT-1-CP, 100%-NT-1-SDI, and 100% T-FI in the 2016 growing season, respectively; and 17.8, 16.7 and 14 Mg ha-1 were observed in 100% NT-1-CP, 100%-NT-2-SDI, and 100% T-FI in the 2017 growing season, respectively. The traditional N treatment showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher yield under CP than FI (8.1% and 25.5% higher under CP in 2016 and 2017, respectively). SDI had 8.1% and 23% higher yield than FI in 2016 and 2017 seasons, respectively. NT-1 and NT-2 treatments had significantly higher (p < 0.05) grain yields than traditional N treatment under CP and SDI; and NT-1 and NT-2 yields were significantly higher (p < 0.05) under CP than SDI. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in yield between NT-1 and NT-2. However, the TN-1 yielded 4.3% higher under CP than in SDI method. NT-1 can be an effective N management practice coupled with 80% of FIT irrigation level under CP and SDI. Results and analyses presented here can provide guidance to growers and their advisors to assess maize productivity under different irrigation and N management strategies under different irrigation methods in the soil, climatic and management practices similar to those presented in this research.

Suggested Citation

  • Irmak, Suat & Mohammed, Ali T. & Kukal, Meetpal S., 2022. "Maize response to coupled irrigation and nitrogen fertilization under center pivot, subsurface drip and surface (furrow) irrigation: Growth, development and productivity," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:263:y:2022:i:c:s037837742200004x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107457
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    1. Cameira, Maria do Rosário & Rodrigo, Isabel & Garção, Andreia & Neves, Manuela & Ferreira, Antónia & Paredes, Paula, 2024. "Linking participatory approach and rapid appraisal methods to select potential innovations in collective irrigation systems," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    2. Mohammed, Ali T. & Irmak, Suat, 2022. "Maize response to irrigation and nitrogen under center pivot, subsurface drip and furrow irrigation: Water productivity, basal evapotranspiration and yield response factors," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    3. Biao Jia & Jiangpeng Fu & Huifang Liu & Zhengzhou Li & Yu Lan & Xue Wei & Yongquan Zhai & Bingyuan Yun & Jianzhen Ma & Hao Zhang, 2022. "Estimation of Critical Nitrogen Concentration Based on Leaf Dry Matter in Drip Irrigation Spring Maize Production in Northern China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-13, August.
    4. Patra, Kiranmoy & Parihar, C.M. & Nayak, H.S. & Rana, Biswajit & Sena, D.R. & Anand, Anjali & Reddy, K. Srikanth & Chowdhury, Manojit & Pandey, Renu & Kumar, Atul & Singh, L.K. & Ghatala, M.K. & Sidhu, 2023. "Appraisal of complementarity of subsurface drip fertigation and conservation agriculture for physiological performance and water economy of maize," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    5. Irmak, Suat & Mohammed, Ali T. & Drudik, Matthew, 2023. "Maize nitrogen uptake, grain nitrogen concentration and root-zone residual nitrate nitrogen response under center pivot, subsurface drip and surface (furrow) irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).
    6. Qian Cheng & Honggang Xu & Shuaipeng Fei & Zongpeng Li & Zhen Chen, 2022. "Estimation of Maize LAI Using Ensemble Learning and UAV Multispectral Imagery under Different Water and Fertilizer Treatments," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-21, August.
    7. Yatao Xiao & Chaoxiang Sun & Dezhe Wang & Huiqin Li & Wei Guo, 2023. "Analysis of Hotspots in Subsurface Drip Irrigation Research Using CiteSpace," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-18, July.
    8. Callau-Beyer, Ana Claudia & Mburu, Martin Mungai & Weßler, Caspar-Friedrich & Amer, Nasser & Corbel, Anne-Laure & Wittnebel, Mareille & Böttcher, Jürgen & Bachmann, Jörg & Stützel, Hartmut, 2024. "Effect of high frequency subsurface drip fertigation on plant growth and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency of red cabbage," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).

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