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Sky View Factors from Synthetic Fisheye Photos for Thermal Comfort Routing—A Case Study in Phoenix, Arizona

Author

Listed:
  • Ariane Middel

    (School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, USA)

  • Jonas Lukasczyk

    (Department of Computer Science, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany)

  • Ross Maciejewski

    (School of Computing, Informatics & Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, USA)

Abstract

The Sky View Factor (SVF) is a dimension-reduced representation of urban form and one of the major variables in radiation models that estimate outdoor thermal comfort. Common ways of retrieving SVFs in urban environments include capturing fisheye photographs or creating a digital 3D city or elevation model of the environment. Such techniques have previously been limited due to a lack of imagery or lack of full scale detailed models of urban areas. We developed a web based tool that automatically generates synthetic hemispherical fisheye views from Google Earth at arbitrary spatial resolution and calculates the corresponding SVFs through equiangular projection. SVF results were validated using Google Maps Street View and compared to results from other SVF calculation tools. We generated 5-meter resolution SVF maps for two neighborhoods in Phoenix, Arizona to illustrate fine-scale variations of intra-urban horizon limitations due to urban form and vegetation. To demonstrate the utility of our synthetic fisheye approach for heat stress applications, we automated a radiation model to generate outdoor thermal comfort maps for Arizona State University’s Tempe campus for a hot summer day using synthetic fisheye photos and on-site meteorological data. Model output was tested against mobile transect measurements of the six-directional radiant flux density. Based on the thermal comfort maps, we implemented a pedestrian routing algorithm that is optimized for distance and thermal comfort preferences. Our synthetic fisheye approach can help planners assess urban design and tree planting strategies to maximize thermal comfort outcomes and can support heat hazard mitigation in urban areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Ariane Middel & Jonas Lukasczyk & Ross Maciejewski, 2017. "Sky View Factors from Synthetic Fisheye Photos for Thermal Comfort Routing—A Case Study in Phoenix, Arizona," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 2(1), pages 19-30.
    • Handle: RePEc:cog:urbpla:v:2:y:2017:i:1:p:19-30
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bryan Jones & Brian C. O’Neill & Larry McDaniel & Seth McGinnis & Linda O. Mearns & Claudia Tebaldi, 2015. "Future population exposure to US heat extremes," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 5(7), pages 652-655, July.
    2. Marcus White & Youpei Hu & Nano Langenheim & Wowo Ding & Mark Burry, 2016. "Cool City Design: Integrating Real-Time Urban Canyon Assessment into the Design Process for Chinese and Australian Cities," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 1(3), pages 25-37.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yiwei Bai & Yihang Bai & Ruoyu Wang & Tianren Yang & Xinyao Song & Bo Bai, 2023. "Exploring Associations between the Built Environment and Cycling Behaviour around Urban Greenways from a Human-Scale Perspective," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-19, March.
    2. Djihed Berkouk & Tallal Abdel Karim Bouzir & Luigi Maffei & Massimiliano Masullo, 2020. "Examining the Associations between Oases Soundscape Components and Walking Speed: Correlation or Causation?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-16, June.
    3. Guanghao Li & Nan He & Changhong Zhan, 2022. "Evaluation of tree shade effectiveness and its renewal strategy in typical historic districts: A case study in Harbin, China," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 49(3), pages 898-914, March.
    4. Xuexiu Zhao & Yanwen Luo & Jiang He, 2020. "Analysis of the Thermal Environment in Pedestrian Space Using 3D Thermal Imaging," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-15, July.
    5. Guo, Hongshan & Aviv, Dorit & Loyola, Mauricio & Teitelbaum, Eric & Houchois, Nicholas & Meggers, Forrest, 2020. "On the understanding of the mean radiant temperature within both the indoor and outdoor environment, a critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    6. Kousis, I. & Manni, M. & Pisello, A.L., 2022. "Environmental mobile monitoring of urban microclimates: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).

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