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Stratified proportional subdistribution hazards model with covariate‐adjusted censoring weight for case‐cohort studies

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  • Soyoung Kim
  • Yayun Xu
  • Mei‐Jie Zhang
  • Kwang‐Woo Ahn

Abstract

The case‐cohort study design is widely used to reduce cost when collecting expensive covariates in large cohort studies with survival or competing risks outcomes. A case‐cohort study dataset consists of two parts: (a) a random sample and (b) all cases or failures from a specific cause of interest. Clinicians often assess covariate effects on competing risks outcomes. The proportional subdistribution hazards model directly evaluates the effect of a covariate on the cumulative incidence function under the non‐covariate‐dependent censoring assumption for the full cohort study. However, the non‐covariate‐dependent censoring assumption is often violated in many biomedical studies. In this article, we propose a proportional subdistribution hazards model for case‐cohort studies with stratified data with covariate‐adjusted censoring weight. We further propose an efficient estimator when extra information from the other causes is available under case‐cohort studies. The proposed estimators are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. Simulation studies show (a) the proposed estimator is unbiased when the censoring distribution depends on covariates and (b) the proposed efficient estimator gains estimation efficiency when using extra information from the other causes. We analyze a bone marrow transplant dataset and a coronary heart disease dataset using the proposed method.

Suggested Citation

  • Soyoung Kim & Yayun Xu & Mei‐Jie Zhang & Kwang‐Woo Ahn, 2020. "Stratified proportional subdistribution hazards model with covariate‐adjusted censoring weight for case‐cohort studies," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 47(4), pages 1222-1242, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:scjsta:v:47:y:2020:i:4:p:1222-1242
    DOI: 10.1111/sjos.12461
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Soyoung Kim & Donglin Zeng & Jianwen Cai, 2018. "Analysis of multiple survival events in generalized case‐cohort designs," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 74(4), pages 1250-1260, December.
    2. Peng He & Frank Eriksson & Thomas H. Scheike & Mei-Jie Zhang, 2016. "A Proportional Hazards Regression Model for the Subdistribution with Covariates-adjusted Censoring Weight for Competing Risks Data," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 43(1), pages 103-122, March.
    3. Norman E. Breslow & Jon A. Wellner, 2007. "Weighted Likelihood for Semiparametric Models and Two‐phase Stratified Samples, with Application to Cox Regression," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 34(1), pages 86-102, March.
    4. Ronald B. Geskus, 2011. "Cause-Specific Cumulative Incidence Estimation and the Fine and Gray Model Under Both Left Truncation and Right Censoring," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 67(1), pages 39-49, March.
    5. Michal Kulich & D.Y. Lin, 2004. "Improving the Efficiency of Relative-Risk Estimation in Case-Cohort Studies," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 99, pages 832-844, January.
    6. Thomas H. Scheike & Mei-Jie Zhang & Thomas A. Gerds, 2008. "Predicting cumulative incidence probability by direct binomial regression," Biometrika, Biometrika Trust, vol. 95(1), pages 205-220.
    7. Lu Mao & D. Y. Lin, 2017. "Efficient estimation of semiparametric transformation models for the cumulative incidence of competing risks," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 79(2), pages 573-587, March.
    8. Bingqing Zhou & Aurelien Latouche & Vanderson Rocha & Jason Fine, 2011. "Competing Risks Regression for Stratified Data," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 67(2), pages 661-670, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Adane F. Wogu & Haolin Li & Shanshan Zhao & Hazel B. Nichols & Jianwen Cai, 2023. "Additive subdistribution hazards regression for competing risks data in case‐cohort studies," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 79(4), pages 3010-3022, December.

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