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Gender differences in weight status and early school leaving in Italy

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  • Adriana Barone
  • Cristian Barra

Abstract

In Italy, there are gender and geographical differences on early school leaving, obesity and physical activity among young adults (18–24 year olds). We examine whether weight status (overweight/obesity) is associated with a higher probability that a young adult is an early school leaver using Italian data based on the second wave of the European Health Interview Survey. Our results show that body mass index, which is the main proxy of weight status, positively affects the probability of being an early leaver. Being male increases the probability of being an early leaver in all macro‐areas, although the coefficient is higher in southern regions than in northern and central regions. Furthermore, we address the endogeneity problem, in which physical activity is used as an instrument of weight status to capture the possible endogeneity between weight status and the probability of early school leaving. Our results show that weight status is a better predictor of early school leaving for females than for males and is a better predictor for females living in northern and central regions than for females living in southern regions. These results suggest that females could benefit more than males from policies promoting physical activity and, more broadly, healthier lifestyles, at both the physical and the educational level; furthermore, these policies should be more aimed at females living in the northern and central regions where the less widespread phenomenon of overweight/obesity underlines the higher psychological distress of overweight/obese females. En Italia existen diferencias de género y geográficas en cuanto al abandono escolar, la obesidad y la actividad física entre adultos jóvenes (18‐24 años). Se estudió si el peso corporal (sobrepeso/obesidad) está asociado con una mayor probabilidad de que un adulto joven abandone prematuramente la escuela utilizando datos italianos basados en la segunda ola de la Encuesta Europea de Salud. Nuestros resultados muestran que el índice de masa corporal, que es el principal indicador del peso, afecta positivamente a la probabilidad de abandono prematuro. Ser varón aumenta la probabilidad de abandono prematuro en todas las macrozonas, aunque el coeficiente es mayor en las regiones del sur que en las regiones del norte y el centro. Además, se abordó el problema de la endogeneidad, en el que la actividad física se utiliza como un instrumento del nivel de peso corporal para capturar la posible endogeneidad entre el nivel de peso y la probabilidad de abandono escolar. Los resultados muestran que el nivel de peso es un mejor factor de predicción del abandono escolar prematuro para las mujeres que para los hombres y que es un mejor factor de predicción para las mujeres que viven en las regiones del norte y del centro que para las que viven en las regiones del sur. Estos resultados sugieren que las mujeres podrían beneficiarse más que los hombres de las políticas que promueven la actividad física y, más en general, de estilos de vida más saludables, tanto a nivel físico como educativo; además, estas políticas deberían estar más orientadas a las mujeres que viven en las regiones del norte y del centro, donde el fenómeno del sobrepeso/obesidad, que está menos extendido, subraya la mayor angustia psicológica de las mujeres con sobrepeso u obesidad. イタリアでは、若年成人(18~24歳)の早期離学率、肥満率、身体活動度に性別による差及び地理的な差がある。European Health Interview Survey (欧州健康面接調査)wave 2に基づくイタリアのデータを用いて、体重の状態 (過体重/肥満)が、若年成人が早期離学者となる確率の高さと関連するかどうか検討する。結果は、体重の状態の主要なプロキシであるボディ・マス・インデックスが、早期離学者となる確率に正の影響を与えていることを示す。男性は、対象地域で全体的に早期離学者となる確率が高いが、その係数は北部や中部よりも南部で高い。さらに、身体活動度が体重の状態と早期離学に内生性がある可能性を確認するために体重状態を操作変数として用いて、この内生性の問題に取り組んだ。この結果から、体重の状態は、男性よりも女性の早期離学の予測因子として優れており、南部の地域に住む女性よりも北部および中部の地域に住む女性に関して予測因子として有用であることが示される。以上の結果から、女性は身体活動、より広義には健康的なライフスタイルを促進する政策から、身体レベルと教育レベルの両方で男性よりも利益が得られることが示唆される。さらに、過体重/肥満がそれほど多くはないために、過体重/肥満の女性の心理的苦痛がより強いことが明らかな北部および中部地域に住む女性により注目した政策にすべきである。

Suggested Citation

  • Adriana Barone & Cristian Barra, 2022. "Gender differences in weight status and early school leaving in Italy," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(3), pages 644-666, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:644-666
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12491
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    References listed on IDEAS

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