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Early Childhood Education by Television: Lessons from Sesame Street

Author

Listed:
  • Melissa S. Kearney
  • Phillip B. Levine

Abstract

We investigate whether preschool-age children exposed to Sesame Street when it aired in 1969 experienced improved educational and labor market outcomes. We exploit geographic variation in broadcast reception derived from technological factors, namely UHF versus VHF transmission. This variation is then related to Census data on grade-for-age status, educational attainment, and labor market outcomes. The results indicate that Sesame Street improved school performance, particularly for boys. The point estimates for long-term educational and labor market outcomes are generally imprecise.

Suggested Citation

  • Melissa S. Kearney & Phillip B. Levine, 2019. "Early Childhood Education by Television: Lessons from Sesame Street," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 11(1), pages 318-350, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:aea:aejapp:v:11:y:2019:i:1:p:318-50
    Note: DOI: 10.1257/app.20170300
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Anjali Adukia & Alex Eble & Emileigh Harrison & Hakizumwami Birali Runesha & Teodora Szasz, 2023. "What We Teach About Race and Gender: Representation in Images and Text of Children’s Books," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 138(4), pages 2225-2285.
    2. Sven A. Hartmann, 2024. "Television and family demography: Evidence from a natural experiment in East Germany," IAAEU Discussion Papers 202407, Institute of Labour Law and Industrial Relations in the European Union (IAAEU).
    3. Donati,Dante & Orozco Olvera,Victor Hugo & Rao,Nandan Mark, 2022. "Using Social Media to Change Gender Norms : An Experiment within Facebook Messenger in India," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10199, The World Bank.
    4. Alex Armand & Paul Atwell & Joseph F. Gomes & Yannik Schenk, 2023. "It’s a Bird, it’s a Plane, it’s Superman! Using Mass Media to fight Intolerance," LIDAM Discussion Papers IRES 2023012, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).
    5. Jose M. Barlis Jr. & Josefin D. Fajardo III & Benjie M. Manila, 2023. "The Evolution of Science Education: You Don’t Know? YouTube It," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(2), pages 21582440231, April.
    6. Juan Imbet & J. Anthony Cookson & Corbin Fox & Christoph Schiller & Javier Gil-Bazo, 2024. "Social Media as a Bank Run Catalyst," Post-Print hal-04660083, HAL.
    7. Ghada Barsoum & Bruno Crépon & Drew Gardiner & Bastien Michel & William Parienté, 2022. "Evaluating the Impact of Entrepreneurship Edutainment in Egypt: An Experimental Approach," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 89(353), pages 82-109, January.
    8. Nieto, Adrián & Suhrcke, Marc, 2021. "The effect of TV viewing on children’s obesity risk and mental well-being: Evidence from the UK digital switchover," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    9. Abhijit Banerjee & Eliana La Ferrara & Victor H. Orozco-Olvera, 2019. "The Entertaining Way to Behavioral Change: Fighting HIV with MTV," NBER Working Papers 26096, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    10. Sun, Yue & Zhao, Liqiu & Zhao, Zhong, 2024. "Hukou status and children's education in China," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1386, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    11. Lindo, Jason M. & Swensen, Isaac D. & Waddell, Glen R., 2022. "Effects of violent media content: Evidence from the rise of the UFC," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    12. Lisa Oberlander, 2021. "TV exposure and food consumption patterns–evidence from Indonesia," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(11), pages 2701-2721, November.
    13. Elena Claudia Meroni & Daniela Piazzalunga & Chiara Pronzato, 2022. "Allocation of time and child socio-emotional skills," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 20(4), pages 1155-1192, December.
    14. Chadi, Adrian & Hoffmann, Manuel, 2021. "Television, Health, and Happiness: A Natural Experiment in West Germany," IZA Discussion Papers 14721, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    15. Damiano Argan and Anatole Cheyssson, 2023. "Plurilingualism and Brain Drain: Unexpected Consequences of Access to Foreign TV," Economics Working Papers EUI ECO 2023/01, European University Institute.
    16. Elena Claudia Meroni & Daniela Piazzalunga & Chiara Pronzato, 2019. "Use of extra-school time and child behaviour," FBK-IRVAPP Working Papers 2019-02, Research Institute for the Evaluation of Public Policies (IRVAPP), Bruno Kessler Foundation.
    17. Principe, Francesco & Carrieri, Vincenzo, 2020. "Health's kitchen: TV, edutainment and nutrition," Ruhr Economic Papers 883, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    18. Ryo Takahashi, 2024. "From the Holy Land to the Homeland: The Impact of Anime Broadcasts on Economic Growth," Working Papers 2402, Waseda University, Faculty of Political Science and Economics.
    19. Yue Sun & Liqiu Zhao & Zhong Zhao, 2024. "Hukou Status and Children’s Education in China," Working Papers 2024-004, Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Working Group.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • I26 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Returns to Education
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • L82 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Entertainment; Media

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    1. Early Childhood Education by Television: Lessons from Sesame Street (American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 2019) in ReplicationWiki

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