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Bildungsungleichheit nach der Hochschulreife - das lässt sich ändern: Eine Untersuchung der Wirksamkeit eines intensiven Beratungsprogramms 1,5 Jahre nach dem Abitur

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  • Erdmann, Melinda
  • Pietrzyk, Irena Magdalena
  • Schneider, Juliana
  • Helbig, Marcel
  • Jacob, Marita
  • Allmendinger, Jutta

Abstract

Das deutsche Bildungssystem ist durch starke soziale Ungleichheiten am Studienübergang charakterisiert. Diese könnten durch individuelle Beratungen von Oberstufenschüler:innen abgebaut werden. Die Studie "Zukunfts- und Berufspläne nach dem Abitur" (ZuBAb) untersucht die Wirkung einer solchen intensiven und individuellen Beratung auf den Bildungsverlauf der Teilnehmenden, wobei das experimentelle Design der Studie verlässliche Rückschlüsse über die kausale Wirkung des Programms erlaubt. Basierend auf Daten, die rund 1,5 Jahre nach Erwerb des Abiturs erhoben worden sind (N = 1.064), wurde geprüft, ob das Programm die Studienaufnahme von Personen ohne akademischen Hintergrund fördert, ob es Bildungsungleichheiten am Übergang in das Studium reduziert und wie sich die Bildungsverläufe in Abhängigkeit von der Programmteilnahme in der Zeitspanne von einem halben Jahr und eineinhalb Jahre nach dem Abitur verändern. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine deutliche Programmwirkung auf die Studienaufnahme von Personen ohne akademischen Hintergrund von 8 Prozentpunkten sowie einen deutlichen ungleichheits-reduzierenden Effekt der Beratung (15 Prozentpunkte oder anteilig 71 Prozent). Dieser positive Einfluss des Programms geht darauf zurück, dass die Programmteilnahme tendenziell die Passung zwischen dem akademischen Leistungsniveau und dem gewählten nachschulischen Bildungsweg fördert. Zudem zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass sich deswegen erst eineinhalb Jahre nach dem Abitur eine positive Programmwirkung abzeichnet (wohingegen ein halbes Jahr nach dem Abitur kein positiver Effekt messbar war), weil insbesondere Personen, die unmittelbar nach dem Abitur ein Gap-Year (z.B. Freiwilliges Soziales Jahr) aufgenommen haben, von der Programmteilnahme profitieren. Zudem zeigt die detaillierte Aufschlüsselung der Bildungsverläufe im Zeitverlauf, dass das Programm nicht nur die Studienaufnahme für Personen ohne akademischen Hintergrund und die Ausbildungsaufnahme für Personen mit akademischem Hintergrund fördert, sondern deskriptiv betrachtet insgesamt die Aufnahme irgendeines nachschulischen Bildungswegs unterstützt. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass für umfassende Aussagen zur Wirkung von Bildungsprogrammen auch Personen hoher Bildungsherkunft untersucht werden

Suggested Citation

  • Erdmann, Melinda & Pietrzyk, Irena Magdalena & Schneider, Juliana & Helbig, Marcel & Jacob, Marita & Allmendinger, Jutta, 2022. "Bildungsungleichheit nach der Hochschulreife - das lässt sich ändern: Eine Untersuchung der Wirksamkeit eines intensiven Beratungsprogramms 1,5 Jahre nach dem Abitur," Discussion Papers, Presidential Department P 2022-002, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wzbpre:p2022002
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    Keywords

    Bildungsungleichheit; Studienaufnahme; Intervention;
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