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How green is greening? A fine-scale analysis of spatio-temporal dynamics in Germany

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Listed:
  • Lakes, Tobia
  • Garcia-Marquez, Jaime
  • Müller, Daniel
  • Lakner, Sebastian
  • Pe’er, Guy

Abstract

The “Greening” measures of the EU’s CAP, implemented in 2015, have been intensively debated in terms of their effectiveness and efficiency for agricultural, environmental, and climate outcomes. This study explores the fine-scale spatiotemporal dynamics of Ecological Focus Areas (EFAs) (with a particular emphasis on fallow land). We use annual land-use data at the plot level from IACS for Brandenburg in Germany from 2005 to 2018 and apply quantitative spatial metrics. In result, we find EFA measures to represent a small percentage of the total area of agriculture, with catch crops dominating, followed by fallow land and nitrogen-fixing crops. Fallow land decreased until 2015 and slightly increased with the introduction of Greening. Half of the fallow land in 2015 was fallow land in the previous year, while the other half had been used for cereals, fodder and oil seed plants. A large share of fallow land shows a low permanency of 1 up to 4 years. EFAs and particularly fallow land hence may contribute to environmental performance in agricultural land use, yet currently they do so to a limited degree. We suggest a change in types of EFA measures, spatial optimisation to reduce fragmented patterns, and a higher permanency of fallow land by a better alignment of agricultural and landscape policies and planning.

Suggested Citation

  • Lakes, Tobia & Garcia-Marquez, Jaime & Müller, Daniel & Lakner, Sebastian & Pe’er, Guy, 2020. "How green is greening? A fine-scale analysis of spatio-temporal dynamics in Germany," FORLand Working Papers 17 (2020), Humboldt University Berlin, DFG Research Unit 2569 FORLand "Agricultural Land Markets – Efficiency and Regulation".
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:forlwp:172020
    DOI: 10.18452/21031
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sophie Thoyer & Raphaële Préget, 2019. "Enriching the CAP evaluation toolbox with experimental approaches: introduction to the special issue," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 46(3), pages 347-366.
    2. Erjavec, Karmen & Erjavec, Emil, 2015. "‘Greening the CAP’ – Just a fashionable justification? A discourse analysis of the 2014–2020 CAP reform documents," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 53-62.
    3. Lakner, Sebastian & Holst, Carsten & Pe'er, Guy, 2019. "Ecological impacts of Greening versus Agri-Environmental and Climate Measures (AECM): An ecological-economic evaluation for Lower Saxony, Germany," 172nd EAAE Seminar, May 28-29, 2019, Brussels, Belgium 289800, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    4. Fabian Thomas & Estelle Midler & Marianne Lefebvre & Stefanie Engel, 2019. "Greening the common agricultural policy: a behavioural perspective and lab-in-the-field experiment in Germany," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 46(3), pages 367-392.
    5. Ian Hodge, 2013. "Agri-environment policy in an era of lower government expenditure: CAP reform and conservation payments," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(2), pages 254-270, March.
    6. Lakner, Sebastian & Röder, Norbert & Baum, Sarah & Ackermann, Andrea, 2017. "Policy Integration of Greening and the Agri-Environmental Programs: Lessons to learn from the German Implementation," 57th Annual Conference, Weihenstephan, Germany, September 13-15, 2017 262152, German Association of Agricultural Economists (GEWISOLA).
    7. Alexander Gocht & Pavel Ciaian & Maria Bielza & Jean-Michel Terres & Norbert Röder & Mihaly Himics & Guna Salputra, 2017. "EU-wide Economic and Environmental Impacts of CAP Greening with High Spatial and Farm-type Detail," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 68(3), pages 651-681, September.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    sustainable land use; Common Agricultural Policy; ecological focus areas; fallow land; Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS);
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q57 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Ecological Economics
    • Q1 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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