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Early childhood development through an integrated program : evidence from the Philippines

Author

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  • Armecin, Graeme
  • Behrman, Jere R.
  • Duazo, Paulita
  • Ghuman, Sharon
  • Gultiano, Socorro
  • King, Elizabeth M.
  • Lee, Nannette

Abstract

More attention and resources have been devoted in recent years to early childhood development (ECD) in low- and middle-income countries. Rigorous studies on the effectiveness of ECD-related programs for improving children's development in various dimensions in the developing world are scant. The authors evaluate an important ECD initiative of the Philippine government using longitudinal data collected over three years on a cohort of 6,693 children age 0-4 years at baseline in two"treatment"regions and a"control"region that did not receive the intervention. The initiative includes a wide range of health, nutrition, early education, and social services programs. The authors estimate its impact by using"intent-to-treat"difference-in-difference propensity score matching estimators to control for a variety of observed characteristics measured at the municipality, barangay, household, and child level and unobserved fixed characteristics, with differential impacts by age of children and duration of exposure to the program. There has been a significant improvement in the cognitive, social, motor, and language development, and in short-term nutritional status of children who reside in ECD program areas compared to those in non-program areas, particularly for those under age four at the end of the evaluation period. The proportions of children below age four with worms and diarrhea also have been lowered significantly in program compared to non-program areas, but there are effects in the opposite direction for older children so the overall impact on these two indicators is mixed.

Suggested Citation

  • Armecin, Graeme & Behrman, Jere R. & Duazo, Paulita & Ghuman, Sharon & Gultiano, Socorro & King, Elizabeth M. & Lee, Nannette, 2006. "Early childhood development through an integrated program : evidence from the Philippines," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3922, The World Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:3922
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Karen Macours & Norbert Schady & Renos Vakis, 2012. "Cash Transfers, Behavioral Changes, and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 4(2), pages 247-273, April.
    2. Baker-Henningham, Helen & López Bóo, Florencia, 2010. "Early Childhood Stimulation Interventions in Developing Countries: A Comprehensive Literature Review," IZA Discussion Papers 5282, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
    3. Moreno-Serra R, "undated". "Health Programme Evaluation by Propensity Score Matching: Accounting for Treatment Intensity and Health Externalities with an Application to Brazil," Health, Econometrics and Data Group (HEDG) Working Papers 09/05, HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York.
    4. Xin Meng & Jim Ryan, 2010. "Does a food for education program affect school outcomes? The Bangladesh case," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 23(2), pages 415-447, March.
    5. Eva Deuchert & Conny Wunsch, 2010. "Evaluating Nationwide Health Interventions When Standard Before-After Doesn't Work: Malawi's ITN Distribution Program," University of St. Gallen Department of Economics working paper series 2010 2010-12, Department of Economics, University of St. Gallen.
    6. Jose Cuesta, 2011. "Music to my ears: the (many) socioeconomic benefits of music training programmes," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(10), pages 915-918.
    7. Elizabeth M. King & Jere R. Behrman, 2009. "Timing and Duration of Exposure in Evaluations of Social Programs," The World Bank Research Observer, World Bank, vol. 24(1), pages 55-82, February.
    8. Pablo Acosta & Takiko Igarashi & Rosechin Olfindo & Jan Rutkowski, 2017. "Developing Socioemotional Skills for the Philippines' Labor Market," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 28381.
    9. Veramendi, Gregory & Urzúa, Sergio, 2011. "The Impact of Out-of-Home Childcare Centers on Early Childhood Development," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 3065, Inter-American Development Bank.
    10. Baker-Henningham, Helen & López Bóo, Florencia, 2010. "Early Childhood Stimulation Interventions in Developing Countries: A Comprehensive Literature Review," IZA Discussion Papers 5282, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    11. Bernal, Raquel & Ramírez, Sara María, 2019. "Improving the quality of early childhood care at scale: The effects of “From Zero to Forever”," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 91-105.
    12. Vegas, Emiliana & Santibáñez, Lucrecia, 2010. "The Promise of Early Childhood Development in Latin America and the Caribbean," IDB Publications (Books), Inter-American Development Bank, number 362, November.
    13. Mary Eming Young, 2007. "Early Child Development, From Measurement to Action : A priority for Growth and Equity," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 6837.
    14. Christina Paxson & Norbert Schady, 2007. "Does Money Matter? The Effects of Cash Transfers on Child Health and Development in Rural Ecuador," Working Papers 145, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies..
    15. Emiliana Vegas & Lucrecia Santibáñez, 2010. "The Promise of Early Childhood Development in Latin America and the Caribbean," World Bank Publications, The World Bank, number 9385, September.
    16. repec:phd:pjdevt:pjd_2006_vol__xxxiii_nos__1and2-d is not listed on IDEAS
    17. repec:phd:pjdevt:pjd_2006_vol._xxxiii_nos._1and2-d is not listed on IDEAS
    18. Hazarika, Gautam & Viren, Vejoya, 2013. "The effect of early childhood developmental program attendance on future school enrollment in rural North India," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 146-161.
    19. World Bank Group, 2017. "Developing Socioemotional Skills for the Philippines’ Labor Market," World Bank Other Operational Studies 28320, The World Bank.
    20. Guerra, Nancy & Modecki, Kathryn & Cunningham, Wendy, 2014. "Developing social-emotional skills for the labor market : the PRACTICE model," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7123, The World Bank.
    21. Kandpal, Eeshani, 2011. "Beyond Average Treatment Effects: Distribution of Child Nutrition Outcomes and Program Placement in India's ICDS," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 39(8), pages 1410-1421, August.

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    Keywords

    Health Monitoring&Evaluation; Early Childhood Development; Youth and Governance; Primary Education; Educational Sciences;
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