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Nonbanks, banks, and monetary policy: U.S. loan-level evidence since the 1990s

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Abstract

We show that nonbanks (funds, shadow banks, fintech) affect the transmission of monetary policy to output, prices and the distribution of risk via credit supply. For identification, we exploit exhaustive US loan-level data since the 1990s, borrowerlender relationships and Gertler-Karadi monetary policy shocks. Higher policy rates shift credit supply from banks to nonbanks, thereby largely neutralizing associated consumption effects (via consumer loans), while just attenuating firm investment and house price spillovers (via corporate loans and mortgages). Moreover, dfferent from the risk-taking channel, higher policy rates increase risk-taking, as less-regulated, fragile nonbanks |in all credit markets| expand supply to riskier borrowers.

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  • David Elliott & Ralf R. Meisenzahl & José-Luis Peydró & B.C. Turner, 2019. "Nonbanks, banks, and monetary policy: U.S. loan-level evidence since the 1990s," Economics Working Papers 1679, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, revised Jun 2022.
    • Handle: RePEc:upf:upfgen:1679
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    Cited by:

    1. Santiago Carbó Valverde & Pedro J. Cuadros Solas & Francisco Rodríguez Fernández, 2020. "Taxonomy of the Spanish FinTech ecosystem and the drivers of FinTechs’ performance," Revista de Estabilidad Financiera, Banco de España, issue Primavera.
    2. Elliott, David & Meisenzahl, Ralf R. & Peydró, José-Luis, 2024. "Nonbank lenders as global shock absorbers: Evidence from US monetary policy spillovers," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    3. Darja Milic, 2021. "The impact of non-banking financial institutions on monetary policy transmission in Euro area," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 61(4), pages 1779-1817, October.
    4. Darmouni, Olivier & Geisecke, Oliver & Rodnyanky, Alexander, 2019. "The Bond Lending Channel of Monetary Policy," MPRA Paper 95141, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Santiago Carbó Valverde & Pedro J. Cuadros Solas & Francisco Rodríguez Fernández, 2020. "Taxonomy of the Spanish FinTech ecosystem and the drivers of FinTechs’ performance," Revista de Estabilidad Financiera, Banco de España, issue Spring.
    6. Yiping Huang & Xiang Li & Han Qiu & Changhua Yu, 2023. "Big tech credit and monetary policy transmission: micro-level evidence from China," BIS Working Papers 1084, Bank for International Settlements.
    7. Samuel Ligonnière & Salima Ouerk, 2024. "The unequal distribution of credit: Is there any role for monetary policy?," French Stata Users' Group Meetings 2024 08, Stata Users Group.
    8. Deimantė Teresienė & Greta Keliuotytė-Staniulėnienė & Rasa Kanapickienė, 2021. "Sustainable Economic Growth Support through Credit Transmission Channel and Financial Stability: In the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-34, March.
    9. Iñaki Aldasoro & Sebastian Doerr, 2023. "Who borrows from money market funds?," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, December.
    10. Huang, Yiping & Li, Xiang & Wang, Chu, 2021. "What does peer-to-peer lending evidence say about the Risk-Taking Channel of monetary policy?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    11. Iñaki Aldasoro & Sebastian Doerr & Haonan Zhou, 2022. "Non-bank lenders in the syndicated loan market," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, March.
    12. Huang, Yiping & Li, Xiang & Qiu, Han & Su, Dan & Yu, Changhua, 2024. "Bigtech credit, small business, and monetary policy transmission: Theory and evidence," IWH Discussion Papers 18/2022, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH), revised 2024.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Negative rates; non-standard monetary policy; reach-for-yield; securities; banks.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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