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Overview of Financial Inclusion, Regulation, and Education

Author

Listed:
  • Yoshino, Naoyuki

    (Asian Development Bank Institute)

  • Morgan, Peter J.

    (Asian Development Bank Institute)

Abstract

Financial inclusion is receiving increasing attention as having the potential to contribute to economic and financial development while at the same time fostering more inclusive growth and greater income equality. However, although substantial progress has been made, there is still much to achieve. East Asia and the Pacific and South Asia combined account for 55% of the world’s unbanked adults, mainly in India and the People’s Republic of China (PRC). This paper surveys the experience of a number of advanced and Asian emerging economies to assess factors affecting the ability of low-income households and small firms to access financial services, including financial literacy, financial education programs and financial regulatory frameworks, and identify policies that can improve their financial access while maintaining financial stability. It aims to identify successful experiences and important lessons that can be adopted by other emerging economies. This analysis is based on studies of the experiences of Germany, the United Kingdom, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Thailand. The study aims to take a practical and holistic approach to issues related to financial inclusion. For example, innovative methods of promoting financial access, such as mobile phone banking and micro-finance, require corresponding innovations in regulatory frameworks, perimeters and capacity. Moreover, programs in the areas of financial education and consumer protection are needed to enable households and small firms to take full advantage of improvements in financial access.

Suggested Citation

  • Yoshino, Naoyuki & Morgan, Peter J., 2016. "Overview of Financial Inclusion, Regulation, and Education," ADBI Working Papers 591, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:adbiwp:0591
    as

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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Álvarez-Gamboa, Javier & Cabrera-Barona, Pablo & Jácome-Estrella, Hugo, 2023. "Territorial inequalities in financial inclusion: A comparative study between private banks and credit unions," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 87(PA).
    3. Mansour Naser Alraja & Faris Alshubiri & Basel M. Khashab & Mahmood Shah, 2023. "The financial access, ICT trade balance and dark and bright sides of digitalization nexus in OECD countries," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 13(2), pages 177-209, June.
    4. Morgan, Peter J. & Zhang, Yan (ed.), 2019. "Financial Inclusion, Regulation, Literacy, and Education in Central Asia and South Caucasus," ADBI Books, Asian Development Bank Institute, number 3, Décembre.
    5. Babych, Yaroslava & Grigolia, Maya & Keshelava, Davit, 2018. "Financial Inclusion, Financial Literacy, and Financial Education in Georgia," ADBI Working Papers 849, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    6. NGONYANI, Danstun, 2022. "Financial Inclusion In Developing Countries. A Review Of The Literature On The Costs And Implications," Studii Financiare (Financial Studies), Centre of Financial and Monetary Research "Victor Slavescu", vol. 26(1), pages 54-77, March.
    7. Julie Birkenmaier & Qiang Fu, 2018. "Household Financial Access and Use of Alternative Financial Services in the U.S.: Two Sides of the Same Coin?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 139(3), pages 1169-1185, October.
    8. Jared Martin U. Desello & Mary Grace R. Agner, 2023. "Financial Inclusion and the Role of Financial Literacy in the Philippines," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 15(6), pages 1-27, June.
    9. Renzhi, Nuobu & Baek, Yong Jun, 2020. "Can financial inclusion be an effective mitigation measure? evidence from panel data analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 37(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    financial inclusion; banks; financial regulation; payments systems; small and medium-sized enterprises; financial education;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • I22 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Educational Finance; Financial Aid
    • O16 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance

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