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Financial Inclusion, Bank Competitiveness and Credit Risk of Commercial Banks in Kenya

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  • Salome Musau
  • Stephen Muathe
  • Lucy Mwangi

Abstract

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the synergies and trade-offs between financial inclusion and credit risk of commercial banks in Kenya. The paper analyzed the effect of financial inclusion on credit risk and the mediation effect of bank competitiveness of commercial banks in Kenya. Financial inclusion was measured using three dimensions of bank availability, bank accessibility and bank usage, bank competitiveness used (HHI) while credit risk was represented by the non performing loans ratio. The study was anchored on financial intermediation theory supported by finance growth theory and asymmetry information theory. The target population was all the 43 commercial banks in Kenya. The study used secondary data collected from Central Bank of Kenya annual reports; commercial banks of Kenya published audited financial statements and annual data from Central Bureau of statistics of Kenya for the period of 2007-2015. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and panel multiple regression analysis. The results obtained found that bank availability, bank accessibility and bank usage had significant effect on credit risk of commercial banks in Kenya. Bank competitiveness was found to partially mediate the relationship between financial inclusion and credit risk. From the findings the study concluded that financial inclusion has a significant effect on stability of commercial banks in Kenya. The study recommends that commercial banks to formulate policies to ensure they remain stable and competitive while accommodating their activities to ensure financial inclusion, hence forming an all inclusive and stable financial sector over time.

Suggested Citation

  • Salome Musau & Stephen Muathe & Lucy Mwangi, 2018. "Financial Inclusion, Bank Competitiveness and Credit Risk of Commercial Banks in Kenya," International Journal of Financial Research, International Journal of Financial Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 9(1), pages 203-218, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:jfr:ijfr11:v:9:y:2018:i:1:p:203-218
    DOI: 10.5430/ijfr.v9n1p203
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. João Jungo & Mara Madaleno & Anabela Botelho, 2022. "Financial Regulation, Financial Inclusion and Competitiveness in the Banking Sector in SADC and SAARC Countries: The Moderating Role of Financial Stability," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-24, March.
    3. Kahihu Peter Karugu & Wachira D. Muturi & Stephen M. A. Muathe, 2020. "Market Risks, Firms’ Size and Financial Performance: Reality or Illusion in Microfinance Institutions in Kenya," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 12(11), pages 118-118, November.
    4. Meshesha Demie Jima & Patricia Lindelwa Makoni, 2023. "Causality between Financial Inclusion, Financial Stability and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-13, January.
    5. Bassam Al-Own & Tareq Bani-Khalid, 2021. "Financial Inclusion and Tax Revenue: Evidence From Europe," International Journal of Financial Research, International Journal of Financial Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 12(2), pages 27-42, April.
    6. Nur Diniey Ezzati Zainorin & Syuhada Jalaludin & Nor Farradila Abdul Aziz & Balachandran Balasingam, 2023. "Determinants of Financial Inclusion in OIC Countries," Information Management and Business Review, AMH International, vol. 15(2), pages 9-16.
    7. Blandina Walowe Kori & Stephen M. A. Muathe & Samuel Mwangi Maina, 2020. "Financial and Non-Financial Measures in Evaluating Performance: The Role of Strategic Intelligence in the Context of Commercial Banks in Kenya," International Business Research, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 13(10), pages 130-130, October.
    8. Ammara Sarwar & Wajid Alim & Saleh Nawaz Khan, 2023. "Exploring the Relationship Between Financial Inclusion and Liquidity Creation in The SAARC Countries," Journal of Economic Impact, Science Impact Publishers, vol. 5(1), pages 114-122.
    9. Douglas Ouso Nyokwoyo & Salome Musau & Margret Kosgei, 2023. "Financial Technology and Financial Inclusion among Youth Operating Businesses in Central Business District Nairobi City County, Kenya," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 7(11), pages 429-445, December.
    10. Yang, Fan & Masron, Tajul Ariffin, 2024. "Role of financial inclusion and digital transformation on bank credit risk," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    11. Ozili, Peterson Kitakogelu & Adamu, Ahmed, 2021. "Does financial inclusion reduce non-performing loans and loan loss provisions?," MPRA Paper 109321, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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