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Financial Stability And Financial Inclusion: The Case Of Sme Lending

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  • PETER J. MORGAN

    (Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), Kasumigaseki Building 8F, 3-2-5, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-6008, Japan)

  • VICTOR PONTINES

    (#x2020;The South Asian Central Banks (SEACEN), Research and Training Centre (80416-M) Level 5, Sasana Kijang Bank Negara Malaysia, 2 Jalan Dato’ Onn 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

Abstract

Developing economies are seeking to promote financial inclusion, i.e., greater access to financial services for low-income households and firms. This raises the question of whether greater financial inclusion tends to increase or decrease financial stability. A number of studies have suggested both positive and negative impacts on financial stability, but very few empirical studies have been made. This study focuses on the implications of greater financial inclusion for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) for financial stability. It estimates the effects of measures of the share of bank lending to SMEs on two measures of financial stability — bank nonperforming loans and bank Z scores. We find some evidence that an increased share of lending to SMEs aids financial stability by reducing non-performing loans (NPLs) and the probability of default by financial institutions.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter J. Morgan & Victor Pontines, 2018. "Financial Stability And Financial Inclusion: The Case Of Sme Lending," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 63(01), pages 111-124, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:serxxx:v:63:y:2018:i:01:n:s0217590818410035
    DOI: 10.1142/S0217590818410035
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    Cited by:

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    2. Jamil, Abd Rahim Md. & Law, Siong Hook & Mohamad Khair-Afham, M.S. & Trinugroho, Irwan, 2023. "Financial inclusion and economic uncertainty in developing countries: The role of digitalisation," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 786-806.
    3. Damane, Moeti & Ho, Sin-Yu, 2024. "Effects of Financial Inclusion of Small and medium Sized Enterprises on Financial Stability: Evidence from SSA countries," MPRA Paper 121093, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Thereza Balliester Reis, 2021. "What is financial inclusion? A critical review," Working Papers 246, Department of Economics, SOAS University of London, UK.
    5. Mustafa Tevfik Kartal & Derviş Kirikkaleli & Fatih Ayhan, 2023. "Nexus between non‐performing loans and economic growth in emerging countries: Evidence from Turkey with wavelet coherence approach," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(2), pages 1250-1260, April.
    6. M. Abdi Shalihin & Sugiharso Safuan, 2021. "Effects of Financial Inclusion and Openness on Banking Stability: Evidence from Developing and Developed Countrie," Economics and Finance in Indonesia, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, vol. 67, pages 212-222, Desember.
    7. Damane, Moeti & Ho, Sin-Yu, 2024. "Effects of financial inclusion on financial stability: evidence from ssa countries," MPRA Paper 120238, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Hasanul Banna & Md Rabiul Alam, 2021. "Does Digital Financial Inclusion Matter For Bank Risk-Taking? Evidence From The Dual-Banking System," Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, Bank Indonesia, vol. 7(2), pages 401-430, May.
    9. Brei, Michael & Gadanecz, Blaise & Mehrotra, Aaron, 2020. "SME lending and banking system stability: Some mechanisms at work," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    10. Isaac Ofoeda & John Kwaku Mensah Mawutor & Dilys Nana Fosu-Hemaa Ohenebeng, 2024. "Financial inclusion, institutional quality and bank stability: evidence from sub-Saharan Africa," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 27-64, February.
    11. Shanika Thathsarani & Wei Jianguo & Mona Alariqi, 2023. "How Do Demand, Supply, and Institutional Factors Influence SME Financial Inclusion: A Developing Country Perspective," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(3), pages 21582440231, July.
    12. Ahmed Nahar Al Hussaini, 2019. "Credit Risk and Financial Stability Under Controlling Effect of Financial Sector Development: A Study from Banking Sector of GCC Members," International Journal of Asian Social Science, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 9(1), pages 122-138, January.
    13. Anh The Vo & Loan Thi-Hong Van & Duc Hong Vo & Michael Mcaleer, 2019. "Financial Inclusion And Macroeconomic Stability In Emerging And Frontier Markets," Annals of Financial Economics (AFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 14(02), pages 1-15, June.
    14. Pedro Manuel Nogueira Reis & António Pedro Soares Pinto, 2022. "How Do Banking Characteristics Influence Companies’ Debt Features and Performance during COVID-19? A Study of Portuguese Firms," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-29, October.
    15. Damane, Moeti & Ho, Sin-Yu, 2024. "The impact of financial inclusion on financial stability: review of theories and international evidence," MPRA Paper 120369, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Feghali, Khalil & Mora, Nada & Nassif, Pamela, 2021. "Financial inclusion, bank market structure, and financial stability: International evidence," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 236-257.
    17. Rexford Abaidoo & Elvis Kwame Agyapong, 2025. "Macroeconomic shocks, regulatory uncertainty, and the drive towards financial inclusiveness in emerging economies," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 1-22, February.
    18. Huang, Ruixian & Kale, Seenaiah & Paramati, Sudharshan Reddy & Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, 2021. "The nexus between financial inclusion and economic development: Comparison of old and new EU member countries," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1-15.
    19. Mais Sha'ban & Claudia Girardone & Anna Sarkisyan & Thankom Arun, 2023. "On the relationship between financial inclusion and bank performance," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 52(3), November.
    20. Wang, Rui & Luo, Hang (Robin), 2022. "How does financial inclusion affect bank stability in emerging economies?," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 51(PA).
    21. Tram, Thi Xuan Huong & Lai, Tien Dinh & Nguyen, Thi Truc Huong, 2023. "Constructing a composite financial inclusion index for developing economies," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 257-265.
    22. Ratnawati Kusuma & Prabandari Sri Palupi & Kurniasari Irma, 2022. "The impact of financial inclusion on national development and national financial system stability," HOLISTICA – Journal of Business and Public Administration, Sciendo, vol. 13(2), pages 63-82, December.

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