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Empirical carbon dioxide emissions of electric vehicles in a French-German commuter fleet test

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  • Ensslen, Axel
  • Schücking, Maximilian
  • Jochem, Patrick
  • Steffens, Henning
  • Fichtner, Wolf
  • Wollersheim, Olaf
  • Stella, Kevin

Abstract

According to many governments electric vehicles are seen as an efficient mean to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions in the transport sector. However, the energy charged causes carbon dioxide emissions in the energy sector. This study demonstrates results from measuring time-dependent electricity consumption of electric vehicles during driving and charging. The electric vehicles were used in a French-German commuter scenario between March and August 2013. The electric vehicles ran a total distance of 38,365 km. 639 individual charging events were recorded. Vehicle specific data on electricity consumption are matched to disaggregated electricity generation data with time-dependent national electricity generation mixes and corresponding carbon dioxide emissions with an hourly time resolution. Carbon dioxide emission reduction potentials of different charging strategies are identified. As carbon dioxide emission intensities change over time according to the electric power systems, specific smart charging services are a convincing strategy to reduce electric vehicle specific carbon dioxide emissions. Our results indicate that charging in France causes only about ten percent of the carbon dioxide emissions compared to Germany, where the carbon intensity is more diverse.

Suggested Citation

  • Ensslen, Axel & Schücking, Maximilian & Jochem, Patrick & Steffens, Henning & Fichtner, Wolf & Wollersheim, Olaf & Stella, Kevin, 2017. "Empirical carbon dioxide emissions of electric vehicles in a French-German commuter fleet test," MPRA Paper 91600, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:91600
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Sam Hamels, 2021. "CO 2 Intensities and Primary Energy Factors in the Future European Electricity System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-30, April.
    2. XU Jianzhong & Albina Assenova & Vasilii Erokhin, 2018. "Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development in a Resource-Abundant Country: Challenges of Wind Power Generation in Kazakhstan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-21, September.
    3. Christian Leßmann & Arne Steinkraus & Manuel Frondel & Martin R. Stuchtey & Manuel Braun & Thomas Hamacher & Barbara Lenz & Daniel Krajzewicz & Gernot Liedtke & Christian Winkler & Karen Pittel, 2019. "Zukunft der Mobilität: Welche Optionen sind tragfähig?," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 72(12), pages 03-24, June.
    4. Nils Seckinger & Peter Radgen, 2021. "Dynamic Prospective Average and Marginal GHG Emission Factors—Scenario-Based Method for the German Power System until 2050," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-22, April.
    5. Schücking, Maximilian & Jochem, Patrick & Fichtner, Wolf & Wollersheim, Olaf & Stella, Kevin, 2017. "Charging strategies for economic operations of electric vehicles in commercial applications," MPRA Paper 91599, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Roberta Olindo & Nathalie Schmitt & Joost Vogtländer, 2021. "Life Cycle Assessments on Battery Electric Vehicles and Electrolytic Hydrogen: The Need for Calculation Rules and Better Databases on Electricity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-22, May.
    7. Will, Christian & Zimmermann, Florian & Ensslen, Axel & Fraunholz, Christoph & Jochem, Patrick & Keles, Dogan, 2024. "Can electric vehicle charging be carbon neutral? Uniting smart charging and renewables," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 371(C).
    8. Hamels, Sam & Himpe, Eline & Laverge, Jelle & Delghust, Marc & Van den Brande, Kjartan & Janssens, Arnold & Albrecht, Johan, 2021. "The use of primary energy factors and CO2 intensities for electricity in the European context - A systematic methodological review and critical evaluation of the contemporary literature," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    9. Will, Christian & Lehmann, Nico & Baumgartner, Nora & Feurer, Sven & Jochem, Patrick & Fichtner, Wolf, 2022. "Consumer understanding and evaluation of carbon-neutral electric vehicle charging services," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    10. Jansen, Malte & Gross, Rob & Staffell, Iain, 2024. "Quantitative evidence for modelling electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    11. Will, Christian & Zimmermann, Florian & Ensslen, Axel & Fraunholz, Christoph & Jochem, Patrick & Keles, Dogan, 2023. "Can electric vehicle charging be carbon neutral? Uniting smart charging and renewables," Working Paper Series in Production and Energy 69, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Industrial Production (IIP).
    12. Heidrich, Oliver & Hill, Graeme A. & Neaimeh, Myriam & Huebner, Yvonne & Blythe, Philip T. & Dawson, Richard J., 2017. "How do cities support electric vehicles and what difference does it make?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 17-23.
    13. Khaleghikarahrodi, Mehrsa & Macht, Gretchen A., 2023. "Patterns, no patterns, that is the question: Quantifying users’ electric vehicle charging," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 291-304.
    14. Irena Pawlyszyn & Halyna Ryzhkova, 2021. "Methodical Aspects of Planning Sustainable Urban Mobility," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(Special 5), pages 344-365.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    EV; Measuring EV specific energy charged and consumed; state of charge (SOC); Measuring charging-dependent CO2 emissions;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • R42 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Government and Private Investment Analysis; Road Maintenance; Transportation Planning

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