Association between network characteristics and bicycle ridership across a large metropolitan region

Background: Numerous studies have explored associations between bicycle network characteristics and bicycle ridership. However, the majority of these studies have been conducted in inner metropolitan regions and as such, there is limited knowledge on how various characteristics of bicycle networks relate to bicycle trips within and across entire metropolitan regions, and how the size and composition of study regions impact on the association between bicycle network characteristics and bicycle ridership. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of household travel survey data and bicycle infrastructure in the Greater Melbourne region, Australia. Seven network metrics were calculated and Bayesian spatial models were used to explore the association between these network characteristics and bicycle ridership (measured as counts of the number of trips, and the proportion of all trips that were made by bike). Results: We demonstrated that bicycle ridership was associated with several network characteristics, and that these characteristics varied according to the outcome (count of the number of trips made by bike or the proportion of trips made by bike) and the size and characteristics of the study region. Conclusions: These findings challenge the utility of approaches based on spatially modelling network characteristics and bicycle ridership when informing the monitoring and evaluation of bicycle networks. There is a need to progress the science of measuring safe and connected bicycle networks for people of all ages and abilities.