IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/nzb/nzbans/2017-06.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

A factor model of commodity price co-movements: An application to New Zealand export prices

Author

Listed:

Abstract

An important focus for the Reserve Bank of New Zealand as a central bank of a small commodity exporting country is to understand movements in commodity prices and their flow through to incomes, real economic activity and inflation. Idiosyncratic movements in New Zealand export prices can have different implications for terms of trade and incomes compared to a generalised movement in all commodity prices. Therefore, a framework that can help distinguish between general and idiosyncratic movements in commodity prices can help shed some light on the implications for the New Zealand economy of movements in export commodity prices. In this analytical note, we use principal component analysis to estimate the underlying global trend in commodity prices and then determine whether movements in New Zealand dairy and meat export prices can be explained by the global trend in commodity prices or by idiosyncratic events in each market. Using commodity price data from 1986, we find that 95 and 93 percent of the volatility of New Zealand’s dairy and meat export prices can be attributed to the global trend. In addition, we find evidence that the divergence between commodity prices and our estimate of the global trend can be used to forecast individual commodity prices, in particular dairy prices. We conclude that if dairy prices are above the level implied by the global trend, then they will tend to fall until they reach the level implied by the global trend and vice versa.

Suggested Citation

  • Amber Wadsworth & Adam Richardson, 2017. "A factor model of commodity price co-movements: An application to New Zealand export prices," Reserve Bank of New Zealand Analytical Notes series AN2017/06, Reserve Bank of New Zealand.
    • Handle: RePEc:nzb:nzbans:2017/06
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.rbnz.govt.nz/-/media/ReserveBank/Files/Publications/Analytical%20notes/2017/an2017-06.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Paul Cashin & C. John McCDermott, 2002. "The Long-Run Behavior of Commodity Prices: Small Trends and Big Variability," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 49(2), pages 1-2.
    2. Christopher L. Gilbert, 2010. "How to Understand High Food Prices," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(2), pages 398-425, June.
    3. Mr. C. John McDermott & Mr. Alasdair Scott & Mr. Paul Cashin, 1999. "The Myth of Comoving Commodity Prices," IMF Working Papers 1999/169, International Monetary Fund.
    4. Diebold, Francis X & Mariano, Roberto S, 2002. "Comparing Predictive Accuracy," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(1), pages 134-144, January.
    5. Cashin, Paul & McDermott, C. John & Scott, Alasdair, 2002. "Booms and slumps in world commodity prices," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(1), pages 277-296, October.
    6. West, Kenneth D. & Wong, Ka-Fu, 2014. "A factor model for co-movements of commodity prices," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 289-309.
    7. Phil Briggs & Carly Harker & Tim Ng & Aidan Yao, 2011. "Fluctuations in the international prices of oil, dairy products, beef and lamb between 2000 and 2008: A review of market-specific demand and supply factors," Reserve Bank of New Zealand Discussion Paper Series DP2011/02, Reserve Bank of New Zealand.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Esther Figueroa-Hernández & Francisco Pérez-Soto & Lucila Godínez-Montoya & Rebeca Alejandra Perez-Figueroa, 2019. "Los precios de café en la producción y las exportaciones a nivel mundial," Remef - Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas Nueva Época REMEF (The Mexican Journal of Economics and Finance), Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas, IMEF, vol. 14(1), pages 41-56, Enero-Mar.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nicola, Francesca de & De Pace, Pierangelo & Hernandez, Manuel A., 2016. "Co-movement of major energy, agricultural, and food commodity price returns: A time-series assessment," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 28-41.
    2. Rossen, Anja, 2015. "What are metal prices like? Co-movement, price cycles and long-run trends," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 255-276.
    3. Serge Calabre, 2003. "La dynamique des prix et des marchés de matières premières : analyses univariées versus faits stylisés analytiques," Mondes en développement, De Boeck Université, vol. 122(2), pages 21-35.
    4. Lof, Matthijs & Nyberg, Henri, 2017. "Noncausality and the commodity currency hypothesis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 424-433.
    5. de Nicola, Francesca & De Pace, Pierangelo & Hernandez, Manuel A., 2014. "Co-movement of major commodity price returns : time-series assessment," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6845, The World Bank.
    6. Vasyl Golosnoy & Anja Rossen, 2018. "Modeling dynamics of metal price series via state space approach with two common factors," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 54(4), pages 1477-1501, June.
    7. Alexandros SARRIS, 2014. "Options for Developing Countries to Deal with Global Food Commodity Market Volatility," Working Papers P98, FERDI.
    8. Alexandros SARRIS, 2014. "Options for Developing Countries to Deal with Global Food Commodity Market Volatility," Working Papers P98, FERDI.
    9. Gabriel Srour, 2004. "Economic Integration, Sectoral Diversification, and Exchange Rate Policy in a Developing Economy," IMF Working Papers 2004/060, International Monetary Fund.
    10. Joseph P Byrne & Ryuta Sakemoto & Bing Xu, 2020. "Commodity price co-movement: heterogeneity and the time-varying impact of fundamentals [Oil price shocks and the stock market: evidence from Japan]," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 47(2), pages 499-528.
    11. Matteo Manera & Marcella Nicolini & Ilaria Vignati, 2012. "Returns in commodities futures markets and financial speculation: a multivariate GARCH approach," Quaderni di Dipartimento 170, University of Pavia, Department of Economics and Quantitative Methods.
    12. Baumeister, Christiane & Guérin, Pierre, 2021. "A comparison of monthly global indicators for forecasting growth," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 1276-1295.
    13. Pincheira, Pablo & Hardy, Nicolás, 2021. "Forecasting aluminum prices with commodity currencies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    14. Simona Delle Chiaie & Laurent Ferrara & Domenico Giannone, 2022. "Common factors of commodity prices," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 37(3), pages 461-476, April.
    15. Cai, Guixin & Zhang, Hao & Chen, Ziyue, 2019. "Comovement between commodity sectors," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 525(C), pages 1247-1258.
    16. Matsumoto, Akito & Pescatori, Andrea & Wang, Xueliang, 2023. "Commodity prices and global economic activity," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    17. Zuzanna Karolak, 2021. "Energy prices forecasting using nonlinear univariate models," Bank i Kredyt, Narodowy Bank Polski, vol. 52(6), pages 577-598.
    18. Chen, Peng & He, Limin & Yang, Xuan, 2021. "On interdependence structure of China's commodity market," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    19. Luis Eduardo Arango & Fernando Arias & Luz Adriana Flórez, 2008. "Trends, Fluctuations, and Determinants of Commodity Prices," Borradores de Economia 521, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    20. Christiane Baumeister & Dimitris Korobilis & Thomas K. Lee, 2022. "Energy Markets and Global Economic Conditions," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 104(4), pages 828-844, October.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nzb:nzbans:2017/06. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Reserve Bank of New Zealand Knowledge Centre (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/rbngvnz.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.