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Accessibility Oriented Development

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Municipal governments worldwide have been pursuing transit-oriented development (TOD) strategies in order to increase transit ridership, curb traffic congestion, and rejuvenate urban neighborhoods. In many cities, however, development of planned sites around transit stations has been close to non-existent, due to, among other reasons, a lack of coordination between transit investments and land use at the regional scale. Further, access to transit differs from access to destination that people care about. Reframing transit-oriented development as accessibility-oriented development (AOD) can aid the process of creating functional connections between neighborhoods and the rest of the region, and maximize benefits from transport investments. AOD is a strategy that balances accessibility to employment and the labor force in order to foster an environment conducive to development. AOD areas are thus defined as having higher than average accessibility to employment opportunities and/or the labor force; such accessibility levels are expected to increase the quality of life of residents living in these areas by reducing their commute time and encouraging faster economic development. To quantify the benefits of AOD, accessibility to employment and the labor force are calculated in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area, Canada in 2001 and 2011. Cross-sectional and temporal regressions are then performed to predict average commute times and development occurring in AOD areas and across the region. Results show that AOD neighborhoods with high accessibility to jobs and low accessibility to the labor force have the lowest commute times in the region, while the relationship also holds for changes in average commute time between the studied time periods. In addition, both accessibility to jobs and accessibility to the labor force are associated with changes in development, as areas with high accessibility to jobs and the labor force attract more development. In order to realize the full benefits of planned transit investments, planning professionals and policy makers alike should therefore leverage accessibility as a tool to direct development in their cities, and concentrate on developing neighbourhoods with an AOD approach in mind.

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  • Robbin Debbosere & Ahmed El-Geneidy & David Levinson, 2017. "Accessibility Oriented Development," Working Papers 000162, University of Minnesota: Nexus Research Group.
    • Handle: RePEc:nex:wpaper:aod
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    6. Ermagun, Alireza, 2021. "Transit access and urban space-time structure of American cities," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    7. Nick Chaloux & Genevieve Boisjoly & Emily Grise & Ahmed El-Geneidy & David Levinson, 2019. "Chaloux, Nick, Boisjoly, Genevieve, Grise, Emily, El-Geneidy, Ahmed, and Levinson, D. (2019) I only get some satisfaction: Introducing satisfaction into measures of accessibility," Working Papers 2019-07, University of Minnesota: Nexus Research Group.
    8. Maharjan, Sanju & Tilahun, Nebiyou & Ermagun, Alireza, 2022. "Spatial equity of modal access gap to multiple destination types across Chicago," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    9. Nick Chaloux & Genevieve Boisjoly & Emily Grise & Ahmed El-Geneidy, & David Levinson, 2018. "I only get some satisfaction: Introducing satisfaction into measures of accessibility," Working Papers 170, University of Minnesota: Nexus Research Group.
    10. Ben-Elia, Eran & Benenson, Itzhak, 2019. "A spatially-explicit method for analyzing the equity of transit commuters' accessibility," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 31-42.
    11. Yang, Jiawen & Su, Pinren & Cao, Jason, 2020. "On the importance of Shenzhen metro transit to land development and threshold effect," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 1-11.
    12. Turbay, André L. B. & Pereira, Rafael H. M. & Firmino, Rodrigo, 2022. "The equity implications of TOD in Curitiba," SocArXiv cj87q, Center for Open Science.
    13. Rosik, Piotr & Pomianowski, Wojciech & Komornicki, Tomasz & Goliszek, Sławomir & Szejgiec-Kolenda, Barbara & Duma, Patryk, 2020. "Regional dispersion of potential accessibility quotient at the intra-European and intranational level. Core-periphery pattern, discontinuity belts and distance decay tornado effect," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    14. Wu, Hao & Lee, Jinwoo (Brian) & Levinson, David, 2023. "The node-place model, accessibility, and station level transit ridership," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    15. Matan E. Singer & Aviv L. Cohen-Zada & Karel Martens, 2024. "Examining the performance of transit systems in large US metropolitan areas," Transportation, Springer, vol. 51(3), pages 1125-1147, June.
    16. Wang, Yanxia & Li, Yisong & Huang, Yixiao & Gong, Daqing, 2023. "Analyzing the impacts of logistics suburbanization on logistics service accessibility: Accessibility modeling approach for urban freight," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 25-44.
    17. Boarnet, Marlon G. & Flores Moctezuma, David & Gross, James, 2022. "New Open-Source Analyses of Transit Job Access and Transit Ridership," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt7t5876bw, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Transit oriented development; accessibility; travel behavior; land use;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)
    • R14 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Land Use Patterns
    • R41 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise
    • R52 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Land Use and Other Regulations
    • R53 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock

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