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Spatial disparity of income-weighted accessibility in Brazilian Cities: Application of a Google Maps API

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  • Costa, Cayo
  • Ha, Jaehyun
  • Lee, Sugie

Abstract

Equity in public transit ridership has attracted the attention of planning authorities as a mechanism to tackle social exclusion. The association of accessibility indexing with different income groups is fundamental to analyses of socio-spatial inequalities and identifying gaps in public transit services. However, few studies have addressed accessibility inequalities in medium-sized cities of the global South. This paper aims to identify spatial gaps in public transit service in seven medium-sized Brazilian cities by analyzing the relative accessibility of public transit and private automobiles for travel to central business districts (CBDs), which are primary employment and service centers. Demographic and socioeconomic data on the seven cities were extracted from the country's 2010 population census. To measure accessibility to CBDs, a Google Maps application programming interface was used to produce realistic estimates of travel times for public transit and private automobiles over different time periods. This method is more accurate than traditional accessibility calculation methods and provides real-time information on traffic conditions, such as speed limits, traffic jams, and waiting times. The study found significant intra-regional differences in accessibility to CBDs by public transit and private automobiles, providing a scientific basis to optimize the socio-spatial distribution of public transit services in seven cities in five different regions of Brazil.

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  • Costa, Cayo & Ha, Jaehyun & Lee, Sugie, 2021. "Spatial disparity of income-weighted accessibility in Brazilian Cities: Application of a Google Maps API," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:90:y:2021:i:c:s0966692320309820
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102905
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    4. Azmoodeh, Mohammad & Haghighi, Farshidreza & Motieyan, Hamid, 2023. "The capability approach and social equity in transport: Understanding factors affecting capabilities of urban residents, using structural equation modeling," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 137-151.
    5. Maharjan, Sanju & Tilahun, Nebiyou & Ermagun, Alireza, 2022. "Spatial equity of modal access gap to multiple destination types across Chicago," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    6. Frank, Laura & Dirks, Nicolas & Walther, Grit, 2021. "Improving rural accessibility by locating multimodal mobility hubs," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    7. Zhu, Le & Shi, Fei, 2022. "Spatial and social inequalities of job accessibility in Kunshan city, China: Application of the Amap API and mobile phone signaling data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    8. Quezada Larriva, Adriana & Orellana, Daniel & Guerrero Balarezo, María Laura & García, Javier Andrés & Cárdenas Villenas, Galo & Osorio Guerrero, Pablo, 2023. "Impact of Quito's first metro line on the accessibility to urban opportunities," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    9. Li, Wu & Guan, Haotian & Qin, Wenwen & Ji, Xiaofeng, 2023. "Collective and individual spatial equity measure in public transit accessibility based on generalized travel cost," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).

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