IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/lis/liswps/742.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

A Care Convergence? Quantifying Wage Disparities for Migrant Care Workers Across Three Welfare Regimes

Author

Listed:
  • Naomi Lightman

Abstract

Social policy literature is divided on the ongoing relevance of welfare regime typologies given considerable heterogeneity within as well as between categories. Using 2010 Luxembourg Income Study data, this study disaggregates high and low status paid care work, quantifying any associate wage bonus or wage penalty, across three welfare regimes – liberal, conservative, and social democratic. In the majority of case study countries, immigrants are less likely to work in high status care than non-immigrants with equivalent human capital, suggesting access barriers to professional jobs in health, education and social work. The reverse pattern is evidenced in the case of low status service and sales work in care, demonstrating convergence across welfare regimes. However, there is also significant wage variation within care work. Pooled country models demonstrate a consistent wage bonus for high status care work, while regime type has a moderating effect in the case of low status care work, independent of immigrant status. A care wage penalty is found for both immigrants and non-immigrants working in low status care in liberal and conservative states, but no such penalty is found in the case of social democratic regimes.

Suggested Citation

  • Naomi Lightman, 2018. "A Care Convergence? Quantifying Wage Disparities for Migrant Care Workers Across Three Welfare Regimes," LIS Working papers 742, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
  • Handle: RePEc:lis:liswps:742
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.lisdatacenter.org/wps/liswps/742.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Michelle J. BUDIG & Joya MISRA, 2010. "How care-work employment shapes earnings in cross-national perspective," International Labour Review, International Labour Organization, vol. 149(4), pages 441-460, December.
    2. Bridget Anderson, 2010. "Migration, immigration controls and the fashioning of precarious workers," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 24(2), pages 300-317, June.
    3. David N. Barron & Elizabeth West, 2013. "The Financial Costs of Caring in the British Labour Market: Is There a Wage Penalty for Workers in Caring Occupations?," British Journal of Industrial Relations, London School of Economics, vol. 51(1), pages 104-123, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Naomi Lightman, 2018. "The “Migrant in the Market”: Migration and Care Work Across Six Liberal Welfare Regimes," LIS Working papers 682, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    2. Armanda Cetrulo & Dario Guarascio & Maria Enrica Virgillito, 2024. "Two neglected origins of inequality: hierarchical power and care work," LEM Papers Series 2024/04, Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.
    3. Lehwess-Litzmann, René, 2022. "Frontline workers in education, health and welfare: how much do they earn in European countries? A comparative income analysis based on the EU-LFS," EconStor Preprints 268365, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    4. Katarina Hollan, 2019. "Just Work? Migrant Workers’ Struggles Today, Ed. by Aziz Choudry and Mondli Hlatshwayo, ISBN: 9780745335834," British Journal of Industrial Relations, London School of Economics, vol. 57(1), pages 205-207, March.
    5. Patricia Palffy & Patrick Lehnert & Uschi Backes‐Gellner, 2023. "Social norms and gendered occupational choices of men and women: Time to turn the tide?," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 62(4), pages 380-410, October.
    6. Leila Gautham & Nancy Folbre & Kristin Smith, 2024. "Earnings inequality and the expansion of care services in the United States, 1985–2019," Industrial Relations Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(2), pages 119-140, March.
    7. Unnur Dís Skaptadóttir, 2019. "Transnational Practices and Migrant Capital: The Case of Filipino Women in Iceland," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 7(4), pages 211-220.
    8. Kenneth Horvath, 2014. "Policing the Borders of the 'Centaur State': Deportation, Detention, and Neoliberal Transformation Processes—The Case of Austria," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 2(3), pages 113-123.
    9. Jennifer Elrick & Naomi Lightman, 2016. "Sorting or Shaping? The Gendered Economic Outcomes of Immigration Policy in Canada," International Migration Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(2), pages 352-384, June.
    10. Jennifer Hook, 2015. "Incorporating ‘Class’ into Work-Family Arrangements: Insights from and for Three Worlds," LIS Working papers 639, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    11. Giesecke, Johannes & Groß, Martin & Stuth, Stefan, 2020. "Occupational Closure and Wage Inequality: How Occupational Closure Effects Vary Between Workers [Wie berufliche Schließungseffekte zwischen Arbeitnehmergruppen variieren]," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 72(S1), pages 157-195.
    12. Christina Young, 2022. "Filling a gap in maternity care: The caring dilemma in doula practice," Gender, Work and Organization, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(5), pages 1481-1494, September.
    13. Caroline Murphy & Thomas Turner, 2014. "Organising non-standard workers: union recruitment in the Irish care sector," Industrial Relations Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(5), pages 373-388, September.
    14. Siyka Kovacheva & Boris Popivanov & Marin Burcea, 2019. "(Self-)Reflecting on International Recruitment: Views on the Role of Recruiting Agencies in Bulgaria and Romania," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 7(4), pages 49-59.
    15. Rosie Cox, 2018. "Gender, work, non-work and the invisible migrant: au pairs in contemporary Britain," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 4(1), pages 1-4, December.
    16. Xiao-yuan Dong & Jin Feng & Yangyang Yu, 2017. "Relative Pay of Domestic Eldercare Workers in Shanghai, China," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(1), pages 135-159, January.
    17. Sam Scott, 2017. "Venues and Filters in Managed Migration Policy: The Case of the United Kingdom," International Migration Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(2), pages 375-415, June.
    18. Amie Bostic & Allen Hyde, 2023. "Social Spending, Poverty, and Immigration: A Systematic Analysis of Welfare State Effectiveness and Nativity in 24 Upper- and Middle-Income Democracies," LIS Working papers 858, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    19. Hirsch, Barry & Manzella, Julia, 2014. "Who Cares – and Does It Matter? Measuring Wage Penalties for Caring Work," IZA Discussion Papers 8388, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    20. Jerome De Henau & Susan Himmelweit, 2020. "Developing a Macro-Micro Model for Analyzing Gender Impacts of Public Policy," Economics Working Paper Archive wp_966, Levy Economics Institute.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    -social policy; welfare regimes; work; immigration;
    All these keywords.

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:lis:liswps:742. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Piotr Paradowski (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/lisprlu.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.