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Toxic Effects of Lead Disposal in Water: An Analysis of TRI Facility Releases

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  • Patrick Koval

    (Department of Economics and Accounting, College of the Holy Cross)

Abstract

Using county-level TRI data from 2003 to 2016, I find evidence that lead emissions in water adversely affect birth weights within the emitting county, especially with respect to the percentage of births considered low birth weight within that county (less than 2,500 grams). I find that a one percent increase in lead emissions per square mile increases the proportion of low birth weights by 0.27 percentage points. For a county with an average number of births in a particular year, this one percent increase in lead per square mile translates to an additional $475,000 in hospitalization costs from complications with delivery and perinatal care alone. My results show that lead emissions create a substantial negative externality even at relatively small quantities and may have more significant effects for those living in poverty.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrick Koval, 2018. "Toxic Effects of Lead Disposal in Water: An Analysis of TRI Facility Releases," Working Papers 1809, College of the Holy Cross, Department of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:hcx:wpaper:1809
    as

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    File URL: https://hcapps.holycross.edu/hcs/RePEc/hcx/HC1809-Koval_Lead.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    health effects; nutrition; distributive justice;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • Q51 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Valuation of Environmental Effects

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