IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/hal/wpaper/halshs-03217241.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Salaire minimum en Allemagne et segmentation de l’emploi

Author

Listed:
  • Baptiste Françon

    (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement)

Abstract

Dans le contexte d'une croissance sans précédent des inégalités salariales, le gouvernement allemand a introduit en janvier 2015 un salaire minimum légal de 8,5€ de l'heure. Les évaluations disponibles se sont pour l'instant concentrées sur les effets (modérés) sur l'emploi à court terme de cette introduction. Cependant, les modalités d'application de la réforme font craindre que ses effets bénéfiques en termes de gains salariaux soient inégalement partagés : certains secteurs ont vu son application différée ; certaines catégories de travailleurs ne sont pas couvertes par le dispositif ; enfin, les contournements de la loi par les employeurs sont fréquents. Dans cet article nous revenons sur la genèse de la réforme et sur ces difficultés d'application. Nous proposons aussi une évaluation des effets de court terme d'aspects plus qualitatifs de la réforme. Nous analysons à partir du Panel Socio-Économique allemand (SOEP) l'évolution des salaires pour différents statuts d'emploi et caractéristiques individuelles et montrons que la réforme peine à réduire efficacement la segmentation. Nous mettons aussi en évidence des effets pervers de la réforme pour la stabilité de l'emploi des chômeurs.

Suggested Citation

  • Baptiste Françon, 2021. "Salaire minimum en Allemagne et segmentation de l’emploi," Working Papers halshs-03217241, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-03217241
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-03217241
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-03217241/document
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sylvia Allegretto & Arindrajit Dube & Michael Reich & Ben Zipperer, 2017. "Credible Research Designs for Minimum Wage Studies," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 70(3), pages 559-592, May.
    2. David Neumark & William Wascher, 2017. "Reply to “Credible Research Designs for Minimum Wage Studiesâ€," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 70(3), pages 593-609, May.
    3. Card, David & Krueger, Alan B, 1994. "Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 84(4), pages 772-793, September.
    4. Caliendo, Marco & Fedorets, Alexandra & Preuss, Malte & Schröder, Carsten & Wittbrodt, Linda, 2018. "The short-run employment effects of the German minimum wage reform," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 46-62.
    5. Markus M. Grabka & Jan Goebel & Jürgen Schupp, 2012. "Höhepunkt der Einkommensungleichheit in Deutschland überschritten?," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 79(43), pages 3-15.
    6. Patrick Burauel & Marco Caliendo & Alexandra Fedorets & Markus M. Grabka & Carsten Schröder & Jürgen Schupp & Linda Wittbrodt, 2017. "Minimum Wage Not yet for Everyone: On the Compensation of Eligible Workers before and after the Minimum Wage Reform from the Perspective of Employees," DIW Economic Bulletin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 7(49), pages 509-522.
    7. Knabe Andreas & Schöb Ronnie & Thum Marcel, 2014. "Der flächendeckende Mindestlohn," Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, De Gruyter, vol. 15(2), pages 133-157, June.
    8. repec:dau:papers:123456789/10045 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Michael C. Burda & Jennifer Hunt, 2011. "What Explains the German Labor Market Miracle in the Great Recession," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 42(1 (Spring), pages 273-335.
    10. Bruno Palier & Kathleen Thelen, 2010. "Institutionalizing Dualism: Complementarities and Change in France and Germany," Politics & Society, , vol. 38(1), pages 119-148, March.
    11. Eve Caroli & Jérôme Gautié, 2008. "Low wage work in France," Post-Print hal-00266332, HAL.
    12. Ahlfeldt, Gabriel & Roth, Duncan & Seidel, Tobias, 2018. "The regional effects of Germany’s national minimum wage," CEPR Discussion Papers 13005, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    13. John Schmitt, 2015. "Explaining the Small Employment Effects of the Minimum Wage in the United States," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(4), pages 547-581, October.
    14. Olivier Giraud & Arnaud Lechevalier, 2012. "L'évolution des modèles allemand et français d'emploi depuis quinze ans : des segmentations différenciées," Post-Print halshs-00786773, HAL.
    15. Christophe Blot & Odile Chagny & Sabine Le Bayon, 2015. "Faut-il suivre le modèle allemand ?," Post-Print hal-01517473, HAL.
    16. Ellguth, Peter & Kohaut, Susanne, 2016. "Tarifbindung und betriebliche Interessenvertretung: Ergebnisse aus dem IAB-Betriebspanel 2015," WSI-Mitteilungen, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, vol. 69(4), pages 283-291.
    17. Vom Berge, Philipp & Kaimer, Steffen & Copestake, Silvina & Croxton, Daniela & Eberle, Johanna & Klosterhuber, Wolfram & Krüger, Jonas, 2016. "Arbeitsmarktspiegel: Entwicklungen nach Einführung des Mindestlohns (Ausgabe 2)," IAB-Forschungsbericht 201612, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    18. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/1liknqk1e18n78ho7lpkkk1vtm is not listed on IDEAS
    19. Christian Dustmann & Bernd Fitzenberger & Uta Sch?nberg & Alexandra Spitz-Oener, 2014. "From Sick Man of Europe to Economic Superstar: Germany's Resurgent Economy," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 28(1), pages 167-188, Winter.
    20. Ahlfeldt, Gabriel M. & Roth, Duncan & Seidel, Tobias, 2018. "The regional effects of Germany’s national minimum wage," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 127-130.
    21. Anke Hassel, 2014. "The Paradox of Liberalization — Understanding Dualism and the Recovery of the German Political Economy," British Journal of Industrial Relations, London School of Economics, vol. 52(1), pages 57-81, March.
    22. Schmitz, Sebastian, 2017. "The effects of Germany's new minimum wage on employment and welfare dependency," Discussion Papers 2017/21, Free University Berlin, School of Business & Economics.
    23. Amlinger, Marc & Bispinck, Reinhard & Schulten, Thorsten, 2016. "Ein Jahr Mindestlohn in Deutschland: Erfahrungen und Perspektiven [The German Minimum Wage: Experiences and perspectives after one year]," WSI Reports 28, The Institute of Economic and Social Research (WSI), Hans Böckler Foundation.
    24. Karl Brenke & Gert Wagner, 2013. "Gesetzliche Mindestlöhne: mit der Einführung kommen die Tücken der Umsetzung," Wirtschaftsdienst, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 93(11), pages 751-757, October.
    25. Vom Berge, Philipp & Kaimer, Steffen & Copestake, Silvina & Eberle, Johanna & Klosterhuber, Wolfram & Krüger, Jonas & Trenkle, Simon & Zakrocki, Veronika, 2016. "Arbeitsmarktspiegel: Entwicklungen nach Einführung des Mindestlohns (Ausgabe 1)," IAB-Forschungsbericht 201601, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Baptiste Françon, 2020. "Salaire minimum en Allemagne et segmentation de l’emploi," Post-Print halshs-03217241, HAL.
    2. Baptiste Françon, 2020. "Salaire minimum en Allemagne et segmentation de l’emploi," Working Papers of BETA 2020-36, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
    3. Bossler, Mario & Gürtzgen, Nicole & Lochner, Benjamin & Betzl, Ute & Feist, Lisa & Wegmann, Jakob, 2018. "Auswirkungen des gesetzlichen Mindestlohns auf Betriebe und Unternehmen," IAB-Forschungsbericht 201804, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    4. Bruttel, Oliver, 2019. "The effects of the new statutory minimum wage in Germany: a first assessment of the evidence," Journal for Labour Market Research, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 53(1), pages 1-10.
    5. Caliendo, Marco & Fedorets, Alexandra & Preuss, Malte & Schröder, Carsten & Wittbrodt, Linda, 2018. "The short-run employment effects of the German minimum wage reform," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 46-62.
    6. Marco Caliendo & Carsten Schröder & Linda Wittbrodt, 2019. "The Causal Effects of the Minimum Wage Introduction in Germany – An Overview," German Economic Review, Verein für Socialpolitik, vol. 20(3), pages 257-292, August.
    7. Mario Bossler & Martin Popp, 2022. "Labor Demand on a Tight Leash," Papers 2203.05593, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2024.
    8. Neumark David, 2019. "The Econometrics and Economics of the Employment Effects of Minimum Wages: Getting from Known Unknowns to Known Knowns," German Economic Review, De Gruyter, vol. 20(3), pages 293-329, August.
    9. Marius Berger & Bruno Lanz, 2020. "Minimum wage regulation in Switzerland: survey evidence for restaurants in the canton of Neuchâtel," Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, Springer;Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics, vol. 156(1), pages 1-23, December.
    10. Marco Caliendo & Alexandra Fedorets & Malte Preuss & Carsten Schröder & Linda Wittbrodt, 2023. "The short- and medium-term distributional effects of the German minimum wage reform," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 64(3), pages 1149-1175, March.
    11. Koch, Andreas & Kirchmann, Andrea & Reiner, Marcel & Scheu, Tobias & Zühlke, Anne & Bonin, Holger, 2020. "Verhaltensmuster von Betrieben und Beschäftigten im Kontext des gesetzlichen Mindestlohns," IZA Research Reports 97, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    12. Teresa Backhaus & Kai-Uwe Müller, 2019. "Does the German Minimum Wage Help Low Income Households?: Evidence from Observed Outcomes and the Simulation of Potential Effects," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1805, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    13. Caliendo, Marco & Wittbrodt, Linda, 2022. "Did the minimum wage reduce the gender wage gap in Germany?," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    14. Sebastian Schmitz, 2019. "The Effects of Germany's Statutory Minimum Wage on Employment and Welfare Dependency," German Economic Review, Verein für Socialpolitik, vol. 20(3), pages 330-355, August.
    15. Bonin Holger & Isphording Ingo E. & Krause-Pilatus Annabelle & Lichter Andreas & Pestel Nico & Rinne Ulf, 2020. "The German Statutory Minimum Wage and Its Effects on Regional Employment and Unemployment," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 240(2-3), pages 295-319, April.
    16. Börschlein, Erik-Benjamin & Bossler, Mario, 2019. "Eine Bilanz nach fünf Jahren gesetzlicher Mindestlohn: Positive Lohneffekte, kaum Beschäftigungseffekte (Five Years of statutory minimum wage in Germany: Significant wage effects, barely any employmen," IAB-Kurzbericht 201924, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    17. Bossler, Mario & Gürtzgen, Nicole & Lochner, Benjamin & Betzl, Ute & Feist, Lisa, 2018. "The German minimum wage: Effects on business expectations, profitability, and investments," FAU Discussion Papers in Economics 13/2018, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Institute for Economics.
    18. Pestel, Nico & Bonin, Holger & Isphording, Ingo E. & Gregory, Terry & Caliendo, Marco, 2020. "Auswirkungen des gesetzlichen Mindestlohns auf Beschäftigung und Arbeitslosigkeit," IZA Research Reports 95, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    19. Baek, Jisun & Lee, Changkeun & Park, WooRam, 2021. "The impact of the minimum wage on the characteristics of new establishments: Evidence from South Korea," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    20. David Neumark & Peter Shirley, 2022. "Myth or measurement: What does the new minimum wage research say about minimum wages and job loss in the United States?," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(4), pages 384-417, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-03217241. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: CCSD (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.