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Salaire minimum en Allemagne et segmentation de l’emploi

Author

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  • Baptiste Françon

    (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement)

Abstract

Dans le contexte d'une croissance sans précédent des inégalités salariales, le gouvernement allemand a introduit en janvier 2015 un salaire minimum légal de 8,5€ de l'heure. Les évaluations disponibles se sont pour l'instant concentrées sur les effets (modérés) sur l'emploi à court terme de cette introduction. Cependant, les modalités d'application de la réforme font craindre que ses effets bénéfiques en termes de gains salariaux soient inégalement partagés : certains secteurs ont vu son application différée ; certaines catégories de travailleurs ne sont pas couvertes par le dispositif ; enfin, les contournements de la loi par les employeurs sont fréquents. Dans cet article nous revenons sur la genèse de la réforme et sur ces difficultés d'application. Nous proposons aussi une évaluation des effets de court terme d'aspects plus qualitatifs de la réforme. Nous analysons à partir du Panel Socio-Économique allemand (SOEP) l'évolution des salaires pour différents statuts d'emploi et caractéristiques individuelles et montrons que la réforme peine à réduire efficacement la segmentation. Nous mettons aussi en évidence des effets pervers de la réforme pour la stabilité de l'emploi des chômeurs.

Suggested Citation

  • Baptiste Françon, 2021. "Salaire minimum en Allemagne et segmentation de l’emploi," Working Papers halshs-03217241, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-03217241
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-03217241
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