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La mythologie CAME (Compétitivité, Attractivité, Métropolisation, Excellence) : comment s’en désintoxiquer ?

Author

Listed:
  • Olivier Bouba-Olga

    (CRIEF [Poitiers] - Centre de recherche sur l'intégration économique et financière - UP - Université de Poitiers = University of Poitiers)

  • Michel Grossetti

    (LISST - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités, Sociétés, Territoires - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT - Université de Toulouse - ENSFEA - École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INP - PURPAN - Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse)

Abstract

La période récente se caractérise par l'émergence d'une mythologie séduisante dans le champ du développement économique : l'approfondissement de la mondialisation plongerait l'ensemble des territoires face à un impératif de compétitivité, seules quelques métropoles pouvant rivaliser pour attirer les talents et les leaders de demain, métropoles qu'il conviendrait donc de soutenir en concentrant les efforts sur l'excellence. Nous la résumons par l'acronyme CAME pour Compétitivité, Attractivité, Métropolisation et Excellence. Une analyse attentive des différents composants de la CAME montre cependant qu'aussi séduisante —voire addictive— qu'elle soit, elle ne résiste pas à l'épreuve des faits. Malgré cela, portée de manière plus ou moins marquée par certains chercheurs et organismes privés ou publics d'analyse et de conseil, elle sous-tend tout un ensemble de politiques publiques ; elle a même structuré une partie des débats autour des résultats des élections dans différents pays. Non seulement la CAME ne produit pas les effets attendus, mais elle provoque des effets indésirables. Les ressources publiques étant limitées, les dédier fortement à quelques acteurs (startups, chercheurs jugés « excellents »…) ou à quelques lieux (métropoles) conduit à renforcer les inégalités socio-spatiales. Quelques éléments de réflexion sur des alternatives envisageables, qui nous semblent plus saines, seront présentés afin d'aider à s'en désintoxiquer.

Suggested Citation

  • Olivier Bouba-Olga & Michel Grossetti, 2018. "La mythologie CAME (Compétitivité, Attractivité, Métropolisation, Excellence) : comment s’en désintoxiquer ?," Working Papers hal-01724699, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01724699
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    References listed on IDEAS

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