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Les inégalités de niveaux de vie entre les générations en France

Author

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  • Hippolyte d'Albis

    (PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement)

  • Ikpidi Badji

    (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Dans cet article, les effets de l'âge (ou du cycle de vie) et de génération sur le niveau de vie sont estimés à partir d'un pseudo-panel construit avec les différentes éditions de l'enquête Budget de famille entre 1979 et 2011. Le niveau de vie des ménages est apprécié avec le revenu disponible ou la consommation privée par unité de consommation, en isolant ou non les dépenses de logement et les loyers implicites. En s'appuyant sur la stratégie d'identification développée par Deaton et Paxson (1994) pour les modèles âge-période-cohorte (APC), deux principaux résultats sont mis en évidence. Tout d'abord, le niveau de vie augmente fortement avec l'âge, de 25 à 64 ans. Par exemple, la consommation des 50-54 ans est supérieure de 35 % à celle des 25-29 ans. À partir de 65 ans, l'évolution dépend de l'indicateur de niveau de vie considéré. Par ailleurs, le niveau de vie des générations du baby-boom est supérieur à celui des générations nées avant-guerre mais inférieur ou égal à celui des générations qui les suivent. Par exemple, la consommation de la cohorte née en 1946 est de 40 % supérieure à celle de la cohorte née en 1926 mais de 20 % inférieure à celle de la cohorte née en 1976. Si l'on prend l'ensemble des cohortes nées entre 1901 et 1979, aucune génération n'a été désavantagée par rapport à ses aînées. La discussion de ces résultats, notamment au regard de ceux issus d'autres stratégies d'identification ‒ la méthode âge-période-cohorte-détendancialisé (APCD) qui retire une tendance linéaire aux variables et une stratégie originale, la méthode espérance de vie-période-cohorte (EPC) qui remplace la variable d'âge par l'espérance de vie à chaque âge – souligne leur robustesse. Elle révèle l'importance de la croissance économique dans l'élévation du niveau de vie des générations et confirme qu'aucune génération n'a eu une consommation inférieure à celle des générations qui l'ont précédé.

Suggested Citation

  • Hippolyte d'Albis & Ikpidi Badji, 2017. "Les inégalités de niveaux de vie entre les générations en France," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint) halshs-01524882, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:pseptp:halshs-01524882
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-01524882
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. d'Albis, Hippolyte & Collard, Fabrice, 2011. "Age Groups and the Measure of Population Aging," LERNA Working Papers 11.05.339, LERNA, University of Toulouse.
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    8. Hippolyte d'Albis & Fabrice Collard, 2013. "Age groups and the measure of population aging," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 29(23), pages 617-640.
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    1. Hippolyte d’Albis & Élodie Djemaï, 2018. "Évolutions démographiques et marché de l’immobilier neuf," Revue d'économie régionale et urbaine, Armand Colin, vol. 0(1), pages 129-180.
    2. Hippolyte d’Albis & Carole Bonnet & Julien Navaux & Jacques Pelletan & François-Charles Wolff, 2017. "Lifecycle deficit in France: an assessment for the period 1979-2011," Economie et Statistique / Economics and Statistics, Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (INSEE), issue 491-492, pages 47-70.
    3. Hippolyte d'Albis & Carole Bonnet & Julien Navaux & Jacques Pelletan & François-­charles Wolff, 2017. "Le déficit de cycle de vie en France : une évaluation pour la période 1979-2001," Post-Print halshs-01599680, HAL.

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