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Des méthodes qualitatives dans la recherche en management : Voies principales, tournants et chemins de traverse

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  • Florence Allard-Poesi

    (IRG - Institut de Recherche en Gestion - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12)

Abstract

La lecture des recherches qualitatives en management dans les journaux scientifiques européens révèle une grande variété de méthodes de collecte (i.e. entretien clinique, Harding, 2008 ; retranscription de réunion, Whittle et al., 2014 ; observation des pratiques des acteurs, Jarzabkowski, Spee, et Smets, 2013) et d'analyse des données (i.e. ethnométhodologie, Samra-Fredericks, 2003 ; et analyse conversationnelle, Samra-Fredericks, 2005 ; analyse narrative et ante-narrative, Boje, 2001 ; Whittle et Mueller, 2011). Loin de se confondre aux seules études de cas -terme au demeurant trompeur tant il renvoie à des postures différentes, on le verra-, ces recherches relèvent en outre de design aussi divers que l'ethnographie (Rouleau, 2005) ou la recherche-action participative (Whittle et al., 2014). Cette variété des approches peut être éclairée par les critiques et débats soulevés par ce qui est souvent présentée comme « la voie royale » de la recherche qualitative dans les supports de publication académiques nord-américains. Trois ensembles de critiques portant sur la collecte des données, les méthodes d'analyse puis le design de recherche de cette approche sont dans un premier temps rappelés. Ces critiques ont en effet suscité des interrogations portant sur le statut des données de discours collectées, sur les discours produits par le chercheur lui-même, et sur son rôle et sa place dans le processus de recherche. Les réflexions suscitées par ces trois ensembles de questions et leurs incidences sur les orientations méthodologiques dans la recherche en management sont ensuite présentées comme autant de tournants (tournants discursif, critique et réflexif) et chemins de traverse. Nous concluons ce panorama nécessairement parcellaire en discutant certaines des difficultés auxquels la recherche qualitative est aujourd'hui confrontée.

Suggested Citation

  • Florence Allard-Poesi, 2015. "Des méthodes qualitatives dans la recherche en management : Voies principales, tournants et chemins de traverse," Post-Print hal-01111378, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01111378
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-01111378
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eero Vaara & Birgit Kleymann & Hannu Seristö, 2004. "Strategies as Discursive Constructions: The Case of Airline Alliances," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(1), pages 1-35, January.
    2. repec:dau:papers:123456789/12163 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Phil Johnson & Joanne Duberley, 2003. "Reflexivity in Management Research," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(5), pages 1279-1303, July.
    4. Eero Vaara & Virpi Sorsa & Pekka Palli, 2010. "On the force potential of strategy texts : a critical discourse analysis of a strategic plan and its power effects in a city organization," Post-Print hal-02312559, HAL.
    5. Quattrone, Paolo & Hopper, Trevor, 2005. "A 'time-space odyssey': management control systems in two multinational organisations," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 30(7-8), pages 735-764.
    6. Florence Allard-Poesi & Véronique Perret, 2014. "Fondements épistémologiques de la recherche," Post-Print hal-01123725, HAL.
    7. repec:dau:papers:123456789/13763 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Ezzamel, Mahmoud & Willmott, Hugh & Worthington, Frank, 2008. "Manufacturing shareholder value: The role of accounting in organizational transformation," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 33(2-3), pages 107-140.
    9. Florence Allard-Poesi & Véronique Perret, 2002. "Peut-on faire comme si le postmodernisme n'existait pas ?," Post-Print halshs-00536760, HAL.
    10. Jarzabkowski, Paula & Paul Spee, Andreas & Smets, Michael, 2013. "Material artifacts: Practices for doing strategy with ‘stuff’," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 41-54.
    11. Linda Rouleau, 2005. "Micro‐Practices of Strategic Sensemaking and Sensegiving: How Middle Managers Interpret and Sell Change Every Day," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(7), pages 1413-1441, November.
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    Keywords

    design de recherche; méthodologie qualitative; Discours;
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