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Socio-economic Status and Early Childhood Cognitive Skills Is Latin America Different? (Documento de Trabajo 127 Nivel socioeconómico y habilidades cognitivas en la infancia temprana ¿América Latina es diferente?)

Author

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  • Florencia López Boo

Abstract

Este documento de trabajo presenta las brechas en el desarrollo cognitivo –medido por una prueba de vocabulario– entre niños de hogares con niveles socioeconómicos (NSE) alto y bajo en dos fases distintas de la infancia (antes y después de los primeros años de escuela) en los cuatro países de bajos y medianos ingresos donde se realiza el estudio Niños del Milenio: Perú, Etiopía, Vietnam y la India (estados de Andhra Pradesh y Telangana). El trabajo provee evidencia intercontinental sobre la significancia del tiempo en que ocurren las brechas, patrones encontrados, y la persistencia de las diferencias. El análisis no paramétrico sugiere que las diferencias halladas a la edad de 5 años persisten en los primeros años escolares en los cuatro países, mientras que el análisis condicional indica que la magnitud de las brechas entre los NSE al interior de cada país parece disminuir con el tiempo (a excepción de la India). Sin embargo, tanto la magnitud de la diferencia como el grado de la persistencia varían. Así, el principal resultado es que Perú destaca de los cuatro países no solo como el de la brecha cognitiva más grande entre niños de familias con más ingresos y los niños más pobres (de alrededor de 1,30 a 1,40 desviaciones estándar), sino también como el país cuyas diferencias persisten más en el desarrollo cognitivo de los niños (como señalan las especificaciones de valor agregado). El documento discute ciertas razones que expliquen estas tendencias, pero en general, las diferencias según NSE se mantienen, incluso cuando se controla mediante una serie de variables, tales como educación inicial, nutrición temprana, y los años de escolaridad. El test de vocabulario que usa la autora es el Peabody Picture Vocabulary, TVIP por sus siglas en inglés), y encuentra que el rendimiento en dicho test a los 5 años de edad es un determinante importante de las diferencias según NSE a la edad de 8 años.

Suggested Citation

  • Florencia López Boo, 2014. "Socio-economic Status and Early Childhood Cognitive Skills Is Latin America Different? (Documento de Trabajo 127 Nivel socioeconómico y habilidades cognitivas en la infancia temprana ¿América Latina e," Documentos de Trabajo (Niños del Milenio-GRADE) ninosm127, Niños del Milenio (Young Lives).
    • Handle: RePEc:gad:ninosm:ninosm127
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    References listed on IDEAS

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