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¿Cómo El Desplazamiento Forzado Deteriora El Bienestar De Los Hogares Desplazados?: Análisis Y Determinantes Del Bienestar En Los Municipios De Recepción

Author

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  • Ana María Ibánez
  • Andrés Moya

Abstract

El desplazamiento forzoso provoca descensos sustanciales en el bienestar debido a la pérdida de activos, la destrucción de redes sociales y las precarias condiciones económicas en el municipio receptor. Evaluar las pérdidas de bienestar de la población desplazada es necesario para establecer si esta población debe ser objeto de programas estatales especiales y no simplemente ser beneficiaria de los programas actuales para la población pobres. Así mismo, es indispensable cuantificar las pérdidas de bienestar como un primer paso para adoptar los procesos de restitución contemplados en la Ley de Justicia acordes con la magnitud de las pérdidas. Este documento analiza los cambios en bienestar de la población desplazada, a partir de una encuesta de hogares aplicada a 2.322 hogares desplazadas ubicados en 48 municipios y 21 departamentos de Colombia. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo, se comparan las condiciones socioeconómicas de los hogares desplazados antes y después del desplazamiento; se comparan también las condiciones de los hogares desplazados en los municipios receptores con las de la población pobre e indigente urbana; y se estiman modelos econométricos para identificar los determinantes del bienestar. Los resultados de esta investigación demuestran que los hogares desplazados enfrentan un deterioro generalizado en sus condiciones de vida y, si bien, conforme pasa el tiempo algunas condiciones mejoran, dichos hogares se encuentran en peores condiciones que los pobres urbanos y son incapaces de recuperar los niveles de bienestar que gozaban antes del desplazamiento. La atención especial para la población desplazada se torna indispensable; es fundamental consolidar y fortalecer los programas de generación de ingresos para los hogares desplazados para disminuir la dependencia de los hogares a la ayuda estatal y reducir así la carga fiscal de la asistencia a la población desplazada.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana María Ibánez & Andrés Moya, 2006. "¿Cómo El Desplazamiento Forzado Deteriora El Bienestar De Los Hogares Desplazados?: Análisis Y Determinantes Del Bienestar En Los Municipios De Recepción," Documentos CEDE 3789, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000089:003789
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Juliana Helo, 2011. "Una evaluación de los programas de estabilización para la población desplazada en Colombia - estimación de un modelo estructural," Documentos CEDE 8915, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    3. Gimenez-Nadal, José Ignacio & Molina, José Alberto & Silva Quintero, Edgar, 2016. "How Forced Displacements Caused by a Violent Conflict Affect Wages in Colombia," IZA Discussion Papers 9926, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Ana Mar�a Ib��ez & Andr�s Moya, 2006. "The Impact of Intra-State Conflict on Economic Welfare and Consumption Smoothing: Empirical Evidence for the Displaced Population in Colombia," HiCN Working Papers 23, Households in Conflict Network.
    5. Wharton, Kate & Uwaifo Oyelere, Ruth, 2011. "Conflict and its Impact on Educational Accumulation and Enrollment in Colombia: What We Can Learn from Recent IDPs," IZA Discussion Papers 5939, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    6. Ruth Uwaifo Oyelere & Kate Wharton, 2013. "The Impact of Conflict on Education Attainment and Enrollment in Colombia: lessons from recent IDPs," HiCN Working Papers 141, Households in Conflict Network.
    7. Ibáñez, Ana María & Moya, Andrés, 2010. "Vulnerability of Victims of Civil Conflicts: Empirical Evidence for the Displaced Population in Colombia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 647-663, April.
    8. Andrés Mauricio Mendoza Pineros & Jorge Iván González Borrero, 2010. "El desplazamiento forzado en Colombia y la intervención del Estado: una mirada desde el goce efectivo de derechos y los factores asociados a su realiz," Documentos CEDE 7911, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    9. McDougal, Topher L., 2017. "The Political Economy of Rural-Urban Conflict: Predation, Production, and Peripheries," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198792598.
    10. Ana María Ibañez & Andrés Moya, 2010. "Do Conflicts Create Poverty Traps? Asset Losses and Recovery for Displaced Households in Colombia," NBER Chapters, in: The Economics of Crime: Lessons For and From Latin America, pages 137-172, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    11. Andrés Mauricio Mendoza Piñeros, 2012. "El desplazamiento forzado en Colombia y la intervención del Estado," Revista de Economía Institucional, Universidad Externado de Colombia - Facultad de Economía, vol. 14(26), pages 169-202, January-J.
    12. Adriana Carolina Silva Arias & Jaime Andrés Sarmiento Espinel, 2013. "Desplazados forzados y su participación en el mercado laboral colombiano," Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, June.
    13. Rozo, Sandra V. & Vargas, Juan F., 2021. "Brothers or invaders? How crisis-driven migrants shape voting behavior," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    14. Nathalie Méndez Méndez & Andrés Casas-Casas, 2017. "Capital social y territorio: Una aproximación multi-métodos a los aspectos microsociales del cambio social en contextos subregionales," Revista Economía y Región, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, vol. 11(2), pages 45-79, December.
    15. Ana María Ibánez & Andrea Velásquez, 2006. "El Proceso De Identificación De Víctimas De Los Conflictos Civiles: Una Evaluación Para La Población Desplazada En Colombia," Documentos CEDE 2537, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    16. Xitong Zhang, 2013. "Procesos migratorios en Colombia. El caso del desplazamiento interno para el período comprendido entre 1990–2011," Revista Isocuanta 12556, Universidad Santo Tomás.
    17. Melanie Hultsch, 2014. "How to Generate and Sustain the Highest Income Inequality in Latin America – the Case of Colombia 2000-2010," Competence Centre on Money, Trade, Finance and Development 1403, Hochschule fuer Technik und Wirtschaft, Berlin.
    18. Nathalie Méndez Méndez, 2015. "Institucionalismo cognitivo, capital social y la construcción de la paz en Colombia," Revista Economía y Región, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, vol. 9(1), pages 67-90, June.
    19. Dueñas Ximena & Palacios Paola & Zuluaga Blanca, 2014. "Forced Displacement in Colombia: What Determines Expulsion and Reception in Municipalities?," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 20(4), pages 585-597, December.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Desplazamiento forzoso; pérdidas de bienestar; conflicto civil asistencia a población vulnerable;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population
    • I39 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Other
    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs

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