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La main-d’œuvre surqualifiée : qu’en pensent les employeurs?

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  • Mircea Vultur

Abstract

Définie comme la situation qui caractérise un individu dont le niveau de formation dépasse celui normalement requis pour l’emploi occupé, la surqualification est considérée aujourd’hui comme faisant partie d’un ensemble de phénomènes problématiques qui caractérisent nos sociétés occidentales. Cependant, si les données statistiques tirées des travaux effectués à date sur la surqualification nous permettent d’arriver à une approximation chiffrée du phénomène qui touche, au Canada, environ un tiers de la main-d’œuvre, elles ont des limites lorsqu’on veut rendre compte des facteurs explicatifs du phénomène à partir des points de vue des acteurs impliqués dans ce processus : celui des jeunes diplômés, celui de l’État et celui des entreprises, chacun de ces acteurs participant, à sa manière, à la genèse et au développement de la surqualification. Le présent article se propose de diagnostiquer la surqualification et d’ouvrir la voie à des pistes explicatives du phénomène, de ses causes et conséquences, en centrant l’analyse sur le point de vue des employeurs. Cet angle d’approche, très peu présent, voire inexistant dans les recherches qui traitent de la surqualification, vise à atteindre trois objectifs qui commandent la structure de l’article : a) examiner la valeur et la fonction des diplômes dans le processus de recrutement selon le point de vue exprimé par des directeurs des ressources humaines (DRH) œuvrant dans des entreprises privées; b) identifier les raisons pour lesquelles ces entreprises embauchent des personnes surqualifiées et c) mettre au jour les avantages et les désavantages qui découlent des situations de surqualification, tels qu’ils ressortent du discours des DRH. Les analyses présentées sont fondées sur les résultats issus d’une recherche qualitative réalisée entre 2010 et 2015 auprès de trente entreprises canadiennes situées dans la région de Québec portant sur les pratiques de recrutement, de sélection et de gestion de la main-d’œuvre.

Suggested Citation

  • Mircea Vultur, 2018. "La main-d’œuvre surqualifiée : qu’en pensent les employeurs?," CIRANO Working Papers 2018s-29, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2018s-29
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    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2018s-29.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Mircea Vultur & Louis Cornelissen, 2019. "Polygraphie du chômage des jeunes au Québec et au Canada (1998-2018)," CIRANO Working Papers 2019s-32, CIRANO.

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