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Energy prices and household heterogeneity: monetary policy in a Gas-TANK

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  • Chan, Jenny

    (Bank of England)

  • Diz, Sebastian

    (Central Bank of Paraguay)

  • Kanngiesser, Derrick

    (Bank of England)

Abstract

How does household heterogeneity affect the transmission of an energy price shock? What are the implications for monetary policy? We develop a small, open-economy TANK model that features labour and an energy import good as complementary production inputs (Gas-TANK). Given such complementarities, higher energy prices reduce the labour share of total income. Due to borrowing constraints, this translates into a drop in aggregate demand. Higher price flexibility insures firm profits from adverse energy price shocks, further depressing labour income and demand. We illustrate how the transmission of shocks in a RANK versus a TANK depends on the degree of complementarity between energy and labour in production and the degree of price rigidities. Optimal monetary policy is less contractionary in a TANK and can even be expansionary when credit constraints are severe. Finally, the contractionary effect of an energy price shock on demand cannot be generalised to alternate supply shocks, as the specific nature of the supply shock affects how resources are redistributed in the economy.

Suggested Citation

  • Chan, Jenny & Diz, Sebastian & Kanngiesser, Derrick, 2023. "Energy prices and household heterogeneity: monetary policy in a Gas-TANK," Bank of England working papers 1041, Bank of England.
  • Handle: RePEc:boe:boeewp:1041
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    8. Kharroubi, Enisse & Smets, Frank, 2024. "Energy shocks as Keynesian supply shocks: Implications for fiscal policy," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Energy prices; inflation; household heterogeneity; monetary policy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
    • E23 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Production
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • F41 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Open Economy Macroeconomics

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