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The Determinants of Rural Household Food Security in the Punjab, Pakistan: An Econometric Analysis

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  • Bashir, Muhammad Khalid
  • Schilizzi, Steven
  • Pandit, Ram

Abstract

Pakistan is one of the leading producers of important agricultural commodities in the world with a relatively high proportion of undernourished population (26 %). This study aims to examine the food security trends in Pakistan in general, and to find out the household level food security and its key determinants in the rural areas of the Punjab Province in particular. Both secondary and primary data were used. Secondary data were obtained from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Bank and Government of Pakistan’s data sources. Primary data were collected from 1152 households in 12 districts of the Punjab province using questionnaire survey. The analysis was done in two phases i.e. (Phase-A) identification of food security trends, at national level and (Phase-B) household food security and its determinants. For Phase-A, graphical representations are produced and for Phase-B primary data were analyzed in two further stages. In stage one the food security status of households was calculated using the calorie intake method. The second stage focused on identifying the socio-economic factors affecting food security using the logistic regression. The secondary data revealed that Pakistan is a food sufficient as well as food secure country at the national level. But at the household level 23 percent of the sample households were measured to be food insecure. Econometric analysis revealed that monthly income, livestock assets, joint family system and education levels (middle, intermediate and graduation) were positively impacting the rural household food security. On the other hand, greater household heads’ age and family size had negative impacts on household food security. It is suggested that income generating opportunities needs to be created along with improvements in secondary and technical education systems, and family planning programs to alleviate food insecurity in the study region.

Suggested Citation

  • Bashir, Muhammad Khalid & Schilizzi, Steven & Pandit, Ram, 2012. "The Determinants of Rural Household Food Security in the Punjab, Pakistan: An Econometric Analysis," Working Papers 122526, University of Western Australia, School of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:uwauwp:122526
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.122526
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    1. Bashir, Muhammad Khalid & Schilizzi, Steven & Pandit, Ram, 2012. "The Determinants of Rural Household Food Security for Landless Households of the Punjab, Pakistan," Working Papers 126035, University of Western Australia, School of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    2. Adeeba Ishaq & Mahmood Khalid & Eatzaz Ahmad, 2018. "Food Insecurity in Pakistan: A RegionWise Analysis of Trends," PIDE-Working Papers 2018:157, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    3. Hayford Mensah Ayerakwa & Fred Mawunyo Dzanku & Daniel Bruce Sarpong, 2020. "The geography of agriculture participation and food security in a small and a medium-sized city in Ghana," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 8(1), pages 1-21, December.
    4. Umar Ijaz Ahmed & Liu Ying & Muhammad Khalid Bashir & Muhammad Abid & Farhad Zulfiqar, 2017. "Status and determinants of small farming households' food security and role of market access in enhancing food security in rural Pakistan," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(10), pages 1-15, October.
    5. Christelle Yèba Akpo & Cristina Bianca Pocol & Maria-Georgeta Moldovan & Denis Acclassato Houensou, 2024. "Land Access Modes and Agricultural Productivity in Benin," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-20, October.
    6. Sana Khushi & Sajid Rashid Ahmad & Ather Ashraf & Muhammad Imran, 2020. "Spatially analyzing food consumption inequalities using GIS with disaggregated data from Punjab, Pakistan," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 12(6), pages 1283-1298, December.
    7. Kirby, Mac & Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din & Mainuddin, Mohammed & Khaliq, Tasneem & Cheema, M.J.M., 2017. "Agricultural production, water use and food availability in Pakistan: Historical trends, and projections to 2050," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 34-46.
    8. Muhammad Bashir & Steven Schilizzi, 2015. "Food security policy assessment in the Punjab, Pakistan: effectiveness, distortions and their perceptions," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 7(5), pages 1071-1089, October.
    9. Okoye, B.C. & Abass, A. & Bachwenkizi, B. & Asumugha, G. & Alenkhe, B. & Ranaivoson, R. & Randrianarivelo, R. & Rabemanantsoa, N & Ralimanana, I, 2016. "Analyses of Labour Productivity among Small-Holder Cassava Farmers for Food Security and Empowerment in Central Madagascar," International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development (IJAMAD), Iranian Association of Agricultural Economics, vol. 6(3), September.
    10. Kiran, Rubina & Jabbar, Abdul, 2022. "Policy-oriented food insecurity estimation and mapping at district level in Pakistan," Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal, Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal, vol. 8(4), December.
    11. Gianna Angermayr & Andrés Palacio & Cristina Chaminade, 2023. "Small-Scale Freshwater Aquaculture, Income Generation and Food Security in Rural Madagascar," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-19, October.
    12. Bashir, Muhammad Khalid & Schilizzi, Steven & Pandit, Ram, 2012. "Livestock and Rural Household Food Security: The Case of Small Farmers of the Punjab, Pakistan," Working Papers 126034, University of Western Australia, School of Agricultural and Resource Economics.

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    Keywords

    Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty;
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