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La qualification territoriale des produits dans les processus d’activation des SYAL. Le cas des fromageries rurales en Amérique Latine

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  • Boucher, Francois
  • Bridier, B.
  • Brun, V.

Abstract

En Amérique Latine, depuis la fin des années 1990, une nouvelle voie de développement de l’agro-industrie rurale (AIR) a été ouverte avec les Systèmes Agroalimentaires Localisés (SYAL). Elle est apparue à partir des relations qui existent entre des concentrations géographiques d’AIR et le territoire, pour faire face aux nouveaux défis posés par la mondialisation : recomposition des circuits de commercialisation, concurrence accrue avec les produits nationaux et importés, nouvelles exigences des consommateurs, notamment en termes de qualité. Cette dynamique est particulièrement notoire dans le secteur du lait et de la fromagerie rurale, où l’on constate l’existence de concentrations géographiques d’AIR que l’on peut assimiler à des SYAL du fait de leur capacité à s’organiser dans le but de mettre en valeur des ressources territoriales communes. L’analyse de cette faculté collective a conduit à la définition du concept « d’activation des SYAL ». L’objectif de cette communication est d’illustrer le concept d’activation des SYAL à travers l’analyse de trois cas de concentrations d’agro-industries fromagères en Amérique Latine qui connaissent des dynamiques collectives liées à la qualification territoriale des produits. Il apparaît en effet que ces dynamiques sont une composante de plus en plus marquée dans la constitution des SYAL fromagers en Amérique Latine. Il s’agit en particulier de discuter les conditions « internes » favorables à la qualification et les conditions « externes » permettant sa reconnaissance (signe de qualité). Nous montrons également qu’au-delà de son intérêt économique, la qualification territoriale des fromages artisanaux vise la reconnaissance de la typicité face aux menaces représentées par les usurpations d’appellation et la tendance à la normalisation des produits alimentaires. Finalement, nous mettons en évidence les conditions nécessaires à la qualification territoriale vue comme un outil pour l’activation de ressources spécifiques (relations de proximité et de confiance, environnement favorable, action collective, diffusion de l’innovation et des savoir-faire). Nous insistons en particulier sur le nécessaire apprentissage collectif induit par les démarches de qualification territoriale. Selon le cas en effet, la qualification s’accompagne pour les producteurs d’une réappropriation du patrimoine collectif, d’un apprentissage de l’action collective et de la négociation, ou d’une appropriation de nouvelles techniques et d’un savoir faire. L’apprentissage collectif concerne également les structures d’appui aux producteurs à travers la construction de relations de partenariat, mais aussi les instances administratives en charge de la gestion des demandes d’obtention des signes de qualité, pour qui ces démarches sont nouvelles et demandent donc un apprentissage institutionnel.

Suggested Citation

  • Boucher, Francois & Bridier, B. & Brun, V., 2010. "La qualification territoriale des produits dans les processus d’activation des SYAL. Le cas des fromageries rurales en Amérique Latine," 116th Seminar, October 27-30, 2010, Parma, Italy 94988, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:eaa116:94988
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.94988
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    References listed on IDEAS

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