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On- And Off-Farm Diversification

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  • McNamara, Kevin T.
  • Weiss, Christoph R.

Abstract

The present paper brings together two strands of literature by analysing the interrelationship between on-farm and off-farm diversification econometrically. Estimation results from simultaneous bivariate probit models suggest that on-farm and off-farm diversification decisions are closely related. The degree of diversification is significantly lower for farms where the farm operator works off-the farm. On the other hand, the probability of entering into the off-farm labour market declines with the degree of diversification in farm production.

Suggested Citation

  • McNamara, Kevin T. & Weiss, Christoph R., 2001. "On- And Off-Farm Diversification," 2001 Annual meeting, August 5-8, Chicago, IL 20520, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:aaea01:20520
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.20520
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Huffman, Wallace E, 1980. "Farm and Off-Farm Work Decisions: The Role of Human Capital," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 62(1), pages 14-23, February.
    2. Rulon D. Pope & Richard Prescott, 1980. "Diversification in Relation to Farm Size and Other Socioeconomic Characteristics," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 62(3), pages 554-559.
    3. Ashok K. Mishra & Barry K. Goodwin, 1997. "Farm Income Variability and the Supply of Off-Farm Labor," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 79(3), pages 880-887.
    4. Jacquemin, Alexis P & Berry, Charles H, 1979. "Entropy Measure of Diversification and Corporate Growth," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(4), pages 359-369, June.
    5. Earl O. Heady, 1952. "Diversification in Resource Allocation and Minimization of Income Variability," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 34(4), pages 482-496.
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    2. Zou, Baoling & Mishra, Ashok K., 2024. "Modernizing Smallholder Agriculture and Achieving Food Security: An Exploration in Machinery Services and Labor Reallocation in China," IZA Discussion Papers 17008, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. MacNicol, R. & Ortmann, Gerald F. & Ferrer, Stuart R.D., 2008. "Management decisions on commercial sugarcane farms in KwaZulu-Natal: a focus on choice bracketing behaviour for risk management," Agrekon, Agricultural Economics Association of South Africa (AEASA), vol. 47(01), pages 1-24, March.
    4. Andersson, Hans & Ramaswami, Bharat & Moss, Charles B. & Erickson, Kenneth W. & Hallahan, Charles B. & Nehring, Richard F., 2005. "Off-farm Income and Risky Investments: What Happens to Farm and Nonfarm Assets?," 2005 Annual meeting, July 24-27, Providence, RI 19480, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    5. Luka Juvančič & Emil Erjavec, 2005. "Intertemporal analysis of employment decisions on agricultural holdings in Slovenia," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 33(2), pages 153-161, September.
    6. Fritzsch, Jana & Möllers, Judith & Buchenrieder, Gertrud, 2011. "Employment diversification of farm households and structural change in the rural economy of the New Member States," IAMO Discussion Papers 134, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    7. Muhammad Amjed Iqbal & Muhammad Rizwan & Azhar Abbas & Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum & Rakhshanda Kousar & Muhammad Nazam & Abdus Samie & Nasir Nadeem, 2021. "A Quest for Livelihood Sustainability? Patterns, Motives and Determinants of Non-Farm Income Diversification among Agricultural Households in Punjab, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-14, August.

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    Keywords

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