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Transfer deutscher und japanischer Ansätze der Facharbeiterausbildung an die BRIC-Standorte: Volkswagen und Toyota im Vergleich

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  • Krzywdzinski, Martin
  • Jürgens, Ulrich

Abstract

Der Artikel befasst sich mit Spielräumen und Grenzen eines Transfers der Ausbildungspraktiken durch deutsche und japanische Unternehmen am Beispiel von Volkswagen (VW) und Toyota, also zwei Flaggschiffunternehmen der jeweiligen Ökonomien. Die Analyse beruht auf umfangreichen Fallstudien an Standorten der beiden Unternehmen in Brasilien, Russland, Indien und China. Gezeigt wird erstens, dass der unterschiedliche Grad an Einbindung der Ausbildungspraktiken in institutionelle Systeme die Schwierigkeit des Transfers beeinflusst. Die Herausforderungen des Transfers der deutschen Ausbildungskonzepte liegen vor allem im Aufbau von Kooperationen und der Sicherung der Ausbildungsqualität an Berufsschulen. Toyotas on-the-job-basierter Ansatz bedarf einer solchen institutionellen Ergänzung nicht, war aber lange Zeit mit erheblichen Herausforderungen im Hinblick auf die Standardisierung konfrontiert. Als zweiter Einflussfaktor auf die Schwierigkeiten des Transfers wird die Einbettung der Ausbildungskonzepte in die unternehmensinternen Personalsysteme hervorgehoben. Hier zeigen sich die Schwierigkeiten des Transfers der japanischen Konzepte. Sie sind sehr stark auf Verhaltensprägung ausgerichtet und hängen zu diesem Zweck eng mit dem System der Kompetenzbeurteilung und den Rangstufensystemen im Unternehmen zusammen, die teilweise mit den Erwartungen der Beschäftigten in anderen Ländern nicht leicht vereinbar sind. Mit der Analyse der Einbettung der Ausbildungspraktiken in die unternehmensspezifischen Personalsysteme bietet der vorliegende Artikel einen neuen Beitrag zu der stark auf die Rolle institutioneller Systeme konzentrierten Debatte. Es wird gezeigt, dass die nationalen Ausbildungssysteme eine weniger prägende Wirkung haben als institutionalistische Theorien erwarten würden.

Suggested Citation

  • Krzywdzinski, Martin & Jürgens, Ulrich, 2019. "Transfer deutscher und japanischer Ansätze der Facharbeiterausbildung an die BRIC-Standorte: Volkswagen und Toyota im Vergleich," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, pages 281-319.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:espost:229905
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    References listed on IDEAS

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