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Student loans and the allocation of graduate jobs

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  • Alessandro Cigno
  • Annalisa Luporini

Abstract

Higher education is not just a costly signal of native talent but also a means of raising a person's ability to hold a graduate job (and at least a certain educational achievement is required to get one). Graduate jobs differentiated by quality are allocated to graduates differentiated by native talent and parental wealth through a tournament. Non‐graduates jobs pay a fixed wage to those who do not participate in the tournament. Assuming that credit is rationed, some poor school leavers will go straight into the non‐graduate labour market even if they are talented enough to get a higher education and participate in the tournament. Some others will buy the same amount of higher education and end up doing graduate jobs of the same quality as less talented but richer school leavers. We show that student loans improve job matching and bring educational investments closer to efficiency. If the size of the loan is not very large, some poor school leavers will still be liquidity‐constrained and thus buy the same amount of higher education as less talented but richer ones. In that case, the former will get a productivity bonus. But raising the size of the loan to such a level that nobody is liquidity‐constrained could be socially optimal only if social preferences were extremely egalitarian. Prêts étudiants et allocation des emplois exigeant un diplôme postsecondaire. Les études postsecondaires ne sont pas seulement un signal coûteux de l’existence d’un talent naturel, mais aussi un moyen d’accroître la capacité d’une personne d’occuper un poste exigeant un diplôme postsecondaire (et d’obtenir le niveau de scolarité requis pour se qualifier pour ces postes). Les meilleurs emplois exigeant un diplôme postsecondaire sont confiés par voie de concours aux diplômés qui se distinguent par un talent naturel et dont les parents sont riches. Ceux qui ne participent pas aux concours et qui occupent un emploi n’exigeant pas un diplôme sont rémunérés à un salaire fixe. Si le crédit est rationné, certains étudiants peu nantis qui abandonnent leurs études passeront directement aux emplois qui n’exigent pas un diplôme, même s’ils ont le talent nécessaire pour poursuivre des études postsecondaires et participer à ces concours. D’autres vont acquérir le même niveau d’éducation et obtenir des emplois exigeant un diplôme et de la même qualité que les emplois occupés par des étudiants moins talentueux, mais plus riches. On montre que les prêts étudiants améliorent l’appariement de l’offre et de la demande d’emploi et rapprochent l’investissement en éducation au niveau d’efficacité. Cependant, si le montant du prêt n’est pas suffisamment important, certains étudiants nantis qui abandonnent leurs études feront encore face à une contrainte de liquidité et donc acquerront le même niveau d’éducation que des étudiants moins talentueux, mais plus aisés. Dans ce cas, les étudiants nantis qui abandonnent leurs études vont obtenir un bonus de productivité. Or l’augmentation du prêt à un niveau suffisant pour éviter tout contrainte de liquidité ne serait socialement optimale que si les préférences sociales ont un caractère très égalitaire.

Suggested Citation

  • Alessandro Cigno & Annalisa Luporini, 2019. "Student loans and the allocation of graduate jobs," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 52(1), pages 339-378, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:52:y:2019:i:1:p:339-378
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12374
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    1. Masao Nakagawa & Asuka Oura & Yoshiaki Sugimoto, 2022. "Under- and over-investment in education: the role of locked-in fertility," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 35(2), pages 755-784, April.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C78 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - - - Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory
    • D82 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design
    • H42 - Public Economics - - Publicly Provided Goods - - - Publicly Provided Private Goods
    • I22 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Educational Finance; Financial Aid
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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