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Generalized Dynamic Principal Components

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  • Daniel Peña
  • Victor J. Yohai

Abstract

Brillinger defined dynamic principal components (DPC) for time series based on a reconstruction criterion. He gave a very elegant theoretical solution and proposed an estimator which is consistent under stationarity. Here, we propose a new enterally empirical approach to DPC. The main differences with the existing methods—mainly Brillinger procedure—are (1) the DPC we propose need not be a linear combination of the observations and (2) it can be based on a variety of loss functions including robust ones. Unlike Brillinger, we do not establish any consistency results; however, contrary to Brillinger’s, which has a very strong stationarity flavor, our concept aims at a better adaptation to possible nonstationary features of the series. We also present a robust version of our procedure that allows to estimate the DPC when the series have outlier contamination. We give iterative algorithms to compute the proposed procedures that can be used with a large number of variables. Our nonrobust and robust procedures are illustrated with real datasets. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Peña & Victor J. Yohai, 2016. "Generalized Dynamic Principal Components," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 111(515), pages 1121-1131, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jnlasa:v:111:y:2016:i:515:p:1121-1131
    DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2015.1072542
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Forni, Mario & Hallin, Marc & Lippi, Marco & Reichlin, Lucrezia, 2005. "The Generalized Dynamic Factor Model: One-Sided Estimation and Forecasting," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 100, pages 830-840, September.
    2. Hallin, Marc & Lippi, Marco, 2013. "Factor models in high-dimensional time series—A time-domain approach," Stochastic Processes and their Applications, Elsevier, vol. 123(7), pages 2678-2695.
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    5. Forni, Mario & Hallin, Marc & Lippi, Marco & Zaffaroni, Paolo, 2015. "Dynamic factor models with infinite-dimensional factor spaces: One-sided representations," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 185(2), pages 359-371.
    6. Pan, Jiazhu & Yao, Qiwei, 2008. "Modelling multiple time series via common factors," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 22876, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    7. Forni, Mario & Hallin, Marc & Lippi, Marco & Zaffaroni, Paolo, 2017. "Dynamic factor models with infinite-dimensional factor space: Asymptotic analysis," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 199(1), pages 74-92.
    8. Mario Forni & Marc Hallin & Marco Lippi & Lucrezia Reichlin, 2000. "The Generalized Dynamic-Factor Model: Identification And Estimation," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 82(4), pages 540-554, November.
    9. Jiazhu Pan & Qiwei Yao, 2008. "Modelling multiple time series via common factors," Biometrika, Biometrika Trust, vol. 95(2), pages 365-379.
    10. Forni, Mario & Lippi, Marco, 2011. "The general dynamic factor model: One-sided representation results," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 163(1), pages 23-28, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Marc Hallin & Siegfried Hörmann & Marco Lippi, 2018. "Optimal dimension reduction for high-dimensional and functional time series," Statistical Inference for Stochastic Processes, Springer, vol. 21(2), pages 385-398, July.
    2. Andriantomanga, Zo, 2023. "The role of survey-based expectations in real-time forecasting of US inflation," MPRA Paper 119904, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Smucler, Ezequiel, 2019. "Consistency of generalized dynamic principal components in dynamic factor models," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 1-1.
    4. Trucíos, Carlos & Hotta, Luiz K. & Valls Pereira, Pedro L., 2019. "On the robustness of the principal volatility components," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 201-219.
    5. Catherine Doz & Peter Fuleky, 2019. "Dynamic Factor Models," Working Papers 2019-4, University of Hawaii Economic Research Organization, University of Hawaii at Manoa.
    6. Amira Elayouty & Marian Scott & Claire Miller, 2022. "Time-Varying Functional Principal Components for Non-Stationary EpCO $$_2$$ 2 in Freshwater Systems," Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics, Springer;The International Biometric Society;American Statistical Association, vol. 27(3), pages 506-522, September.
    7. Barigozzi, Matteo & Hallin, Marc & Soccorsi, Stefano & von Sachs, Rainer, 2021. "Time-varying general dynamic factor models and the measurement of financial connectedness," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 222(1), pages 324-343.
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    9. Guangbao Guo & Chunjie Wei & Guoqi Qian, 2023. "Sparse online principal component analysis for parameter estimation in factor model," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 38(2), pages 1095-1116, June.
    10. Fayed Alshammri & Jiazhu Pan, 2021. "Moving dynamic principal component analysis for non-stationary multivariate time series," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 36(3), pages 2247-2287, September.
    11. Juan B'ogalo & Pilar Poncela & Eva Senra, 2020. "Understanding fluctuations through Multivariate Circulant Singular Spectrum Analysis," Papers 2007.07561, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2023.
    12. Peña, Daniel & Smucler, Ezequiel & Yohai, Victor J., 2021. "Sparse estimation of dynamic principal components for forecasting high-dimensional time series," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 1498-1508.
    13. Dag Tjøstheim & Martin Jullum & Anders Løland, 2023. "Some recent trends in embeddings of time series and dynamic networks," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(5-6), pages 686-709, September.

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