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Investigation Anthropogenic Impacts and Climate Factors on Drying up of Urmia Lake using Water Budget and Drought Analysis

Author

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  • Yusuf Alizade Govarchin Ghale

    (Istanbul Technical University)

  • Abdusselam Altunkaynak

    (Istanbul Technical University)

  • Alper Unal

    (Istanbul Technical University)

Abstract

The water level of Urmia Lake, the largest inland lake in Iran with maximum water surface area of about 6000 km2, has been shrinking for the last two decades. Although a number of study have been performed to determine drought condition and coastline changes of Urmia Lake, there has not been a detailed study to distinguish anthropogenic effects from climate impacts on the drying of Urmia Lake. In this study, water budget of Urmia Lake and the intensity of drought in the basin were analyzed in the period from 1985 to 2010 and a new hypothesis is proposed to quantify anthropogenic and climate impacts in reducing the volume of Urmia Lake. The results of this study indicate that human impacts on the Lake and its basin are more important than climate factors. Though previous studies assumed that ground water output from Urmia Lake is negligible, the results of this study show the presence of significant groundwater seepage from Urmia Lake. Major changes in the variables that reduced the water level of Urmia Lake were observed since 1998. Anthropogenic impacts and climate factors have roughly 80% and 20% effects on the drying up of Urmia Lake, respectively. Hence, the first step to recover Urmia Lake could be the revision of management surface water, operation of dams and groundwater resources. The second step could be the review and classification of agricultural products grown in the region in terms of water consumption and teach local people the best practice methods for irrigation.

Suggested Citation

  • Yusuf Alizade Govarchin Ghale & Abdusselam Altunkaynak & Alper Unal, 2018. "Investigation Anthropogenic Impacts and Climate Factors on Drying up of Urmia Lake using Water Budget and Drought Analysis," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 32(1), pages 325-337, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:32:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1007_s11269-017-1812-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-017-1812-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Elmira Hassanzadeh & Mahdi Zarghami & Yousef Hassanzadeh, 2012. "Determining the Main Factors in Declining the Urmia Lake Level by Using System Dynamics Modeling," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(1), pages 129-145, January.
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    2. Ankur Srivastava & Proloy Deb & Nikul Kumari, 2020. "Multi-Model Approach to Assess the Dynamics of Hydrologic Components in a Tropical Ecosystem," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(1), pages 327-341, January.
    3. Alizade Govarchin Ghale, Yusuf & Baykara, Metin & Unal, Alper, 2019. "Investigating the interaction between agricultural lands and Urmia Lake ecosystem using remote sensing techniques and hydro-climatic data analysis," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 566-579.
    4. Daniyal Hassan & Steven J. Burian & Ryan C. Johnson & Sangmin Shin & Michael E. Barber, 2023. "The Great Salt Lake Water Level is Becoming Less Resilient to Climate Change," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 37(6), pages 2697-2720, May.
    5. Ankur Srivastava & Nikul Kumari & Minotshing Maza, 2020. "Hydrological Response to Agricultural Land Use Heterogeneity Using Variable Infiltration Capacity Model," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(12), pages 3779-3794, September.
    6. Farhad Yazdandoost & Sogol Moradian & Ardalan Izadi, 2020. "Evaluation of Water Sustainability under a Changing Climate in Zarrineh River Basin, Iran," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(15), pages 4831-4846, December.
    7. Rasoul Maleki & Mehdi Nooripoor & Zeinab Sharifi & Dacinia Crina Petrescu, 2023. "Application of community‐based system dynamics for the management of rural households' vulnerability to the drying of Urmia Lake," Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(3), pages 573-585, May.
    8. Milad Asadi & Amir Oshnooei-Nooshabadi & Samira-Sadat Saleh & Fattaneh Habibnezhad & Sonia Sarafraz-Asbagh & John Lodewijk Van Genderen, 2022. "Urban Sprawl Simulation Mapping of Urmia (Iran) by Comparison of Cellular Automata–Markov Chain and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Modeling Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-16, November.
    9. Amir Molajou & Parsa Pouladi & Abbas Afshar, 2021. "Incorporating Social System into Water-Food-Energy Nexus," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 35(13), pages 4561-4580, October.

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