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Investigating the interaction between agricultural lands and Urmia Lake ecosystem using remote sensing techniques and hydro-climatic data analysis

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  • Alizade Govarchin Ghale, Yusuf
  • Baykara, Metin
  • Unal, Alper

Abstract

Urmia Lake (UL) located in the northwest of Iran, is one of the largest hypersaline lakes in the world. In recent years, most of the lake has been rendered to unusable lands. Drought and rapid increase in agricultural activities are the most important reasons behind the shrinkage of the lake. In this study, hydro-climatic data, Landsat satellite images and image processing techniques were used to detect the spatio-temporal land cover changes and salinization progress in Urmia Lake Basin (ULB) between 1975 and 2019. Increasing the area of irrigated lands from 1265 km2 in 1975 to 5525 km2 in 2011 in contrast to decreasing the water surface area of UL from 5982 km2 in 1995 to 586 km2 in 2014 and extension of salinization in the basin are the most important and thoughtful results of this study. Even the agricultural lands in the regions close to the lake have been affected by this environmental problem. The climatic conditions have gradually improved after 2014 and the government has released more water from dams to the lake. On the other hand, the area of irrigated lands has gradually decreased by 12% in the same period. As a result of these positive changes, the water surface area of the lake has gradually increased over 1000 km2. Based on the results of this study, both anthropogenic and climatic factors have played a positive role in UL restoration. Improvement of agricultural methods and providing a sustainable agricultural water management system under a changing climate can play the most effective role in the lake rehabilitation.

Suggested Citation

  • Alizade Govarchin Ghale, Yusuf & Baykara, Metin & Unal, Alper, 2019. "Investigating the interaction between agricultural lands and Urmia Lake ecosystem using remote sensing techniques and hydro-climatic data analysis," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 566-579.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:221:y:2019:i:c:p:566-579
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.05.028
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yusuf Alizade Govarchin Ghale & Abdusselam Altunkaynak & Alper Unal, 2018. "Investigation Anthropogenic Impacts and Climate Factors on Drying up of Urmia Lake using Water Budget and Drought Analysis," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 32(1), pages 325-337, January.
    2. Hamzehpour, N. & Eghbal, M.K. & Bogaert, P. & Toomanian, N., 2014. "Top Soil Salinity Prediction In South-Western Part Of Urmia Lake With Ground Water Data," International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT), IJARIT Research Foundation, vol. 4(1), June.
    3. World Bank, 2017. "World Development Indicators 2017," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 26447.
    4. Elmira Hassanzadeh & Mahdi Zarghami & Yousef Hassanzadeh, 2012. "Determining the Main Factors in Declining the Urmia Lake Level by Using System Dynamics Modeling," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(1), pages 129-145, January.
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    1. Maleki, Tahereh & Koohestani, Hossein & Keshavarz, Marzieh, 2022. "Can climate-smart agriculture mitigate the Urmia Lake tragedy in its eastern basin?," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    2. Kaveh Madani, 2021. "Have International Sanctions Impacted Iran’s Environment?," World, MDPI, vol. 2(2), pages 1-22, April.
    3. Lobat Zebardast & Saeed Akbarpour & Hamid Reza Jafari & Masoud Bagherzadeh Karimi, 2021. "Sustainable wetland management through bridging the communication gap between conservation projects and local communities," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(7), pages 11098-11119, July.
    4. Somayeh Mohammadi Hamidi & Christine Fürst & Hossein Nazmfar & Ahad Rezayan & Mohammad Hassan Yazdani, 2021. "A Future Study of an Environment Driving Force (EDR): The Impacts of Urmia Lake Water-Level Fluctuations on Human Settlements," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-19, October.

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