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Impacts of rice intensification on rural households in the Mekong Delta: emerging relationships between agricultural production, wild food supply and food consumption

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Listed:
  • Van Kien Nguyen

    (The Australian National University
    An Giang University)

  • David Dumaresq

    (The Australian National University)

  • Jamie Pittock

    (The Australian National University)

Abstract

Rice intensification programs target poverty reduction and improved food availability in Asia. Vietnam adopted a rice intensification policy aimed at a rice surplus for export by the 1990s. The intensification policy replaced an annual wet season crop with two to three High Yielding Variety (HYV) rice crops a year. These multiple annual crops required changes in hydraulic systems in areas such as the Mekong Delta (MD) with the introduction of low and high dikes for wet season flood control and dry season irrigation. This study examines the impacts of rice intensification and hydraulic changes in the MD between the 1990s and 2000s on rural household food sources, both wild and cultivated. Across study sites representing three flood management regimes, 165 households were sampled for data on household demographics, the collection and consumption of fish, other aquatic animals, wild and cultivated vegetables and fruit, and other food sources. The results indicate that rice intensification programs and dike construction have significantly increased rice production. However, farm household catch, collection and consumption of wild foods has decreased. Household use of wild fish, other aquatic animals, and wild vegetables was reduced significantly over the period. Significant wet and dry season variation in food availability emerged. Poor households experienced most loss. Overall household food security was affected. This study suggests that rice intensification policies aimed at global food security need to balance wider population access to a food staple with the need for rice farming communities to maintain access to high quality wild foods obtained from the fields and waterways of rice farming landscapes.

Suggested Citation

  • Van Kien Nguyen & David Dumaresq & Jamie Pittock, 2018. "Impacts of rice intensification on rural households in the Mekong Delta: emerging relationships between agricultural production, wild food supply and food consumption," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 10(6), pages 1615-1629, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:ssefpa:v:10:y:2018:i:6:d:10.1007_s12571-018-0848-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s12571-018-0848-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Van Kien Nguyen & Oc Van Vo & Duc Ngoc Huynh, 2015. "Comparing the costs and benefits of floating rice-based and intensive rice-based farming systems in the Mekong Delta," Asian Journal of Agriculture and rural Development, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 5(9), pages 202-217, September.
    2. Matty Demont & Pieter Rutsaert, 2017. "Restructuring the Vietnamese Rice Sector: Towards Increasing Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-15, February.
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    4. Sombilla, M. & Hossain, M. & Hardy, B., 2002. "Developments in the Asian Rice Economy," IRRI Books, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), number 281821, January.
    5. Tong, Yen Dan, 2017. "Rice Intensive Cropping and Balanced Cropping in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam — Economic and Ecological Considerations," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 205-212.
    6. Guttman, H., 1999. "Rice field fisheries: a resource for Cambodia," Naga, The WorldFish Center, vol. 22(2), pages 11-15.
    7. Phong Tran & Fausto Marincioni & Rajib Shaw & Massimo Sarti & Le An, 2008. "Flood risk management in Central Viet Nam: challenges and potentials," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 46(1), pages 119-138, July.
    8. World Bank, 2014. "Myanmar : Capitalizing on Rice Export Opportunities," World Bank Publications - Reports 17278, The World Bank Group.
    9. Van Kien Nguyen & Oc Van Vo & Duc Ngoc Huynh, 2015. "Comparing the Costs and Benefits of Floating Rice-Based and Intensive Rice-Based Farming Systems in the Mekong Delta," Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 5(9), pages 202-217.
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    Cited by:

    1. Stephanie J. Zhu & Tiza Ignatius Mfuni & Bronwen Powell, 2024. "Greater Attention to Wild Foods and Cultural Knowledge Supports Increased Nutrition Outcomes Associated with Agroecology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-14, May.
    2. Tran, Thong Anh, 2019. "Land use change driven out-migration: Evidence from three flood-prone communities in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).

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