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Early-Career Complexity Before and After Labour-Market Deregulation in Italy: Heterogeneity by Gender and Socio-economic Status Across Cohorts

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  • Emanuela Struffolino

    (Freie Univerität Berlin and WZB Berlin Social Science Center)

  • Michele Raitano

    (Sapienza University of Rome)

Abstract

Labour-market deregulation may have generated more unstable and complex employment life courses. As exposure to highly volatile early-career trajectories has long-lasting consequences for the working lives of individuals, it is especially important to consider how these processes have affected younger workers in countries like Italy. Here, deregulation ‘at the margins’ of the labour market has been characterized by a strong age divide and has exacerbated the separation between insiders and outsiders. We contrast the individualization of risk perspective with the persistent inequality hypothesis by looking at differentials by gender and socio-economic status in the degree of early-career complexity of workers who entered the labour market before and after deregulation. The use of an innovative longitudinal dataset (AD-SILC) which combines administrative records on employment episodes and survey data on individuals’ socio-economic characteristics allows this study to apply advanced methods in sequence analysis to calculate the complexity of 7-year-long early career trajectories. Complexity is measured by considering the number of transitions between employment states and the length of each episode. We find that early-career complexity increased across cohorts, especially for those more exposed to deregulation. Against the scenario of a generalized increase in labour market dualization, this non-linear dynamic especially affected medium and low-educated individuals and was particularly pronounced for women. Although our analytical strategy does not allow for a causal interpretation of mechanisms engendering the observed trends, this empirical evidence is highly relevant for the implication of changes in early career patterns across cohorts for stratification research.

Suggested Citation

  • Emanuela Struffolino & Michele Raitano, 2020. "Early-Career Complexity Before and After Labour-Market Deregulation in Italy: Heterogeneity by Gender and Socio-economic Status Across Cohorts," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 151(1), pages 231-257, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:151:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1007_s11205-020-02373-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-020-02373-0
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    2. Ilaria Rocco & Davide Girardi, 2024. "Giovani, background migratorio e ingresso nel mercato del lavoro regionale," ECONOMIA E SOCIET? REGIONALE, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2024(1), pages 87-101.
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    4. Andrea Ciccarelli & Rinaldo Evangelista & Elena Fabrizi, 2020. "How much (un)stable are new jobs in Italy? an analysis based on the work histories� data," RIEDS - Rivista Italiana di Economia, Demografia e Statistica - The Italian Journal of Economic, Demographic and Statistical Studies, SIEDS Societa' Italiana di Economia Demografia e Statistica, vol. 74(3-4), pages 51-61, July-Dece.
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    6. Ermini, Barbara & Santolini, Raffaella & Ciommi, Mariateresa, 2023. "Equitable and sustainable well-being in Italian municipalities: Do women in politics make the difference?," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).

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