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Ocean and atmospheric characteristics associated with the cyclogenesis and rapid intensification of NIO super cyclonic storms during 1981–2020

Author

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  • Debashis Paul

    (National Institute of Technology Rourkela)

  • Jagabandhu Panda

    (National Institute of Technology Rourkela)

  • Ashish Routray

    (Ministry of Earth Sciences)

Abstract

An attempt is made to investigate the various atmospheric and oceanic conditions that contributed to the genesis and rapid intensification (RI) of the super cyclonic storms (SUCS) formed over the north indian ocean (NIO) basin during 1982–2020. The vertical wind shear supported genesis, with values being weak to moderate in all cases. The Genesis potential parameter was> 30 in four out of six cases, whereas Gonu and Odisha SUCS had values ≤ 30. Equatorial Rossby (ER) wave was the dominant of all the convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs), followed by Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) before their genesis. In the case of Amphan, all the three CCEWs (i.e., MJO, ER, and Kelvin wave) were present. The ocean conditions were more conducive for tropical cyclone (TC) genesis than the atmospheric conditions. Both sea surface temperature and tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP) supported the cyclogenesis. In most cases, the setting up of the pre-genesis scenario was heavily influenced by the ocean characteristics, whereas the atmospheric conditions were not that supportive. The environmental conditions that prevailed before RI showed the presence of thick warm waters, a sufficient supply of moisture at the middle of the troposphere, and moderate wind shear in all cases. Sea surface temperature, mid-tropospheric relative humidity, and low-level relative vorticity all had a substantial role in the RI process of all SUCS storms across the NIO basin. During the RI days, TCHP ≥ 60 kJ cm−2 was observed for Amphan and Gonu, with thick barrier layers for all cases. Gonu encountered a warm core eddy along its track, which provided extra fuel for the RI process. All six TCs are slow to moderate moving ones, which facilitated them to spend sufficient time over the ocean surface and interact with the warm waters to get positive feedback for the RI process.

Suggested Citation

  • Debashis Paul & Jagabandhu Panda & Ashish Routray, 2022. "Ocean and atmospheric characteristics associated with the cyclogenesis and rapid intensification of NIO super cyclonic storms during 1981–2020," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 114(1), pages 261-289, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:114:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1007_s11069-022-05389-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-022-05389-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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