IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/nathaz/v103y2020i3d10.1007_s11069-020-04132-3.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Experimental results of the impact pressure of debris flows in loess regions

Author

Listed:
  • Heping Shu

    (Lanzhou University
    Lanzhou University)

  • Jinzhu Ma

    (Lanzhou University)

  • Shi Qi

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Peiyuan Chen

    (Lanzhou University)

  • ZiZheng Guo

    (China University of Geosciences
    UPC BarcelonaTECH)

  • Peng Zhang

    (China Three Gorges University)

Abstract

Debris flow hazards can occur easily in loess regions, due to the particular characteristics of loessic material. Some of them have historically caused considerable damage to both the natural and the human environment. Little research has been conducted into the impact pressures caused by debris flows varying with densities and weights in loess regions. Flume experiments were conducted to estimate the impact pressures of debris flows, and the maximum impact pressure was measured. Moreover, hydrodynamic and hydrostatic models were improved by using these experimental results. Finally, after combining these results with a dimensionless analysis and Buckingham’s π theorem, the Froude number and the Reynolds number were able to be introduced in order to construct a comprehensive dimensionless equation for debris flows. The results showed that the velocity ranged from 1.23 to 3.62 m/s when the debris flow density increased from 1100 to 2300 kg/m3 and the mixture weight rose from 100 to 500 kg. The debris flow depth was between 2.7 and 13.4 cm, and the maximum impact pressure ranged from 1.23 to 28.41 kPa. In addition, the empirical parameters of hydrodynamic and hydrostatic models were modified and valued at 5.08 and 9.48, respectively, which were significantly different from the empirical parameters for earth-rock areas. Specifically, the modified hydrodynamic model and modified hydrostatic model were observed to perform very well for debris flows with comparatively high Froude debris flow numbers. The maximum dimensionless impact pressure was expressed as a power function of both the Froude number and the Reynolds number. A comprehensive maximum dimensionless impact pressure formula for debris flows was coupled with the Froude number and the Reynolds number and expressed as a power function. Results indicated that the modified model and the comprehensive approach can both be applied to the loess regions of China and can provide a better understanding of loess debris flow mechanisms, as well as feed into engineering design work and risk assessments in loess regions affected by debris flows.

Suggested Citation

  • Heping Shu & Jinzhu Ma & Shi Qi & Peiyuan Chen & ZiZheng Guo & Peng Zhang, 2020. "Experimental results of the impact pressure of debris flows in loess regions," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 103(3), pages 3329-3356, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:103:y:2020:i:3:d:10.1007_s11069-020-04132-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-020-04132-3
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11069-020-04132-3
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11069-020-04132-3?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. P. Santi & K. Hewitt & D. VanDine & E. Barillas Cruz, 2011. "Debris-flow impact, vulnerability, and response," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 56(1), pages 371-402, January.
    2. Markus Stoffel & Thomas Mendlik & Michelle Schneuwly-Bollschweiler & Andreas Gobiet, 2014. "Possible impacts of climate change on debris-flow activity in the Swiss Alps," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 122(1), pages 141-155, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Qinwen Li & Yafeng Lu & Yukuan Wang & Pei Xu, 2019. "Debris Flow Risk Assessment Based on a Water–Soil Process Model at the Watershed Scale Under Climate Change: A Case Study in a Debris-Flow-Prone Area of Southwest China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, June.
    2. Sajid Ali & Rashid Haider & Wahid Abbas & Muhammad Basharat & Klaus Reicherter, 2021. "Empirical assessment of rockfall and debris flow risk along the Karakoram Highway, Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 106(3), pages 2437-2460, April.
    3. Rakesh Bhambri & Manish Mehta & D. Dobhal & Anil Gupta & Bhanu Pratap & Kapil Kesarwani & Akshaya Verma, 2016. "Devastation in the Kedarnath (Mandakini) Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, during 16–17 June 2013: a remote sensing and ground-based assessment," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 80(3), pages 1801-1822, February.
    4. Holley, Elizabeth A. & Smith, Nicole M. & Delgado Jimenez, Jeison Alejandro & Cabezas, Isabel Casasbuenas & Restrepo-Baena, Oscar Jaime, 2020. "Socio-technical context of the interactions between large-scale and small-scale mining in Marmato, Colombia," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    5. Kevin McCoy & Vitaliy Krasko & Paul Santi & Daniel Kaffine & Steffen Rebennack, 2016. "Minimizing economic impacts from post-fire debris flows in the western United States," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 83(1), pages 149-176, August.
    6. Rakesh Bhambri & Manish Mehta & D. P. Dobhal & Anil Kumar Gupta & Bhanu Pratap & Kapil Kesarwani & Akshaya Verma, 2016. "Devastation in the Kedarnath (Mandakini) Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, during 16–17 June 2013: a remote sensing and ground-based assessment," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 80(3), pages 1801-1822, February.
    7. Han-Chung Yang & Cheng-Wu Chen, 2012. "Potential hazard analysis from the viewpoint of flow measurement in large open-channel junctions," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 61(2), pages 803-813, March.
    8. P. Santi & J. Manning & W. Zhou & P. Meza & P. Colque, 2021. "Geologic hazards of the Ocoña river valley, Peru and the influence of small-scale mining," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 108(3), pages 2679-2700, September.
    9. Guangxu Liu & Erfu Dai & Xinchuang Xu & Wenxiang Wu & Aicun Xiang, 2018. "Quantitative Assessment of Regional Debris-Flow Risk: A Case Study in Southwest China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-21, June.
    10. Jiangcheng Huang & Huijuan Xu & Xingwu Duan & Xu Li & Peijia Wang, 2020. "Activity patterns and controlling factors of debris flows in the Upper Salween Alpine Valley," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 103(1), pages 1367-1383, August.
    11. Olga Petrucci, 2022. "Landslide Fatality Occurrence: A Systematic Review of Research Published between January 2010 and March 2022," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-18, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:103:y:2020:i:3:d:10.1007_s11069-020-04132-3. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.