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Debris-flow impact, vulnerability, and response

Author

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  • P. Santi
  • K. Hewitt
  • D. VanDine
  • E. Barillas Cruz

Abstract

This paper calls attention to vulnerable groups that are disproportionately affected by smaller, less-publicized debris flow events and do not always receive the advantages of recent technical advances. The most vulnerable groups tend to be economically restricted to live in relatively inexpensive and more dangerous locations, are often forced to live in topographically cramped areas due to expansion and development, and have limited influence and power needed to bring about mitigative efforts. Technical issues have long been the focus for debris-flow hazard reduction, but the collective judgment of many of those working toward natural hazards reduction, especially in developing countries, is that socio-cultural issues are at least as important as technical choices on the effectiveness of hazard and risk-reduction efforts. This awareness may result in (1) selecting simple designs that use local materials, local construction techniques and skills, and that recognize limited financial means; (2) selecting mitigative methods that require minimal maintenance, can withstand exposure to vandalism and scavenging, and will minimize misappropriation of resources; and (3) capitalizing on local techniques of dealing with other hazards, such as flooding, earthquakes, and landslides. Because of the difficulty in predicting and controlling debris flows, it is useful if mitigative systems can employ multiple elements to enhance the chance of success. These can include: education of the local populace, avoidance and warning to the degree possible, and some combination of channelization and interception of debris. For watersheds disturbed by fire, logging, mining, or construction, hillside treatment can be added to the mitigative methods to reduce water flow and sediment transport. Examples provided in this paper show that these mitigative systems can be tailored to fit widely varying socio-cultural settings, with different geological characteristics and different debris flow–triggering events. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011

Suggested Citation

  • P. Santi & K. Hewitt & D. VanDine & E. Barillas Cruz, 2011. "Debris-flow impact, vulnerability, and response," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 56(1), pages 371-402, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:56:y:2011:i:1:p:371-402
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-010-9576-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. מחקר - ביטוח לאומי, 2005. "Annual Survey 2004," Working Papers 16, National Insurance Institute of Israel.
    2. Alexandre Badoux & Christoph Graf & Jakob Rhyner & Richard Kuntner & Brian McArdell, 2009. "A debris-flow alarm system for the Alpine Illgraben catchment: design and performance," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 49(3), pages 517-539, June.
    3. Maxx Dilley & Robert S. Chen & Uwe Deichmann & Arthur L. Lerner-Lam & Margaret Arnold, 2005. "Natural Disaster Hotspots: A Global Risk Analysis," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 7376.
    4. מחקר - ביטוח לאומי, 2001. "Annual Survey 2000," Working Papers 17, National Insurance Institute of Israel.
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    1. P. Santi & J. Manning & W. Zhou & P. Meza & P. Colque, 2021. "Geologic hazards of the Ocoña river valley, Peru and the influence of small-scale mining," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 108(3), pages 2679-2700, September.
    2. Rakesh Bhambri & Manish Mehta & D. Dobhal & Anil Gupta & Bhanu Pratap & Kapil Kesarwani & Akshaya Verma, 2016. "Devastation in the Kedarnath (Mandakini) Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, during 16–17 June 2013: a remote sensing and ground-based assessment," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 80(3), pages 1801-1822, February.
    3. Heping Shu & Jinzhu Ma & Shi Qi & Peiyuan Chen & ZiZheng Guo & Peng Zhang, 2020. "Experimental results of the impact pressure of debris flows in loess regions," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 103(3), pages 3329-3356, September.
    4. Kevin McCoy & Vitaliy Krasko & Paul Santi & Daniel Kaffine & Steffen Rebennack, 2016. "Minimizing economic impacts from post-fire debris flows in the western United States," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 83(1), pages 149-176, August.
    5. Rakesh Bhambri & Manish Mehta & D. P. Dobhal & Anil Kumar Gupta & Bhanu Pratap & Kapil Kesarwani & Akshaya Verma, 2016. "Devastation in the Kedarnath (Mandakini) Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, during 16–17 June 2013: a remote sensing and ground-based assessment," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 80(3), pages 1801-1822, February.
    6. Sajid Ali & Rashid Haider & Wahid Abbas & Muhammad Basharat & Klaus Reicherter, 2021. "Empirical assessment of rockfall and debris flow risk along the Karakoram Highway, Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 106(3), pages 2437-2460, April.
    7. Olga Petrucci, 2022. "Landslide Fatality Occurrence: A Systematic Review of Research Published between January 2010 and March 2022," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-18, July.
    8. Guangxu Liu & Erfu Dai & Xinchuang Xu & Wenxiang Wu & Aicun Xiang, 2018. "Quantitative Assessment of Regional Debris-Flow Risk: A Case Study in Southwest China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-21, June.
    9. Holley, Elizabeth A. & Smith, Nicole M. & Delgado Jimenez, Jeison Alejandro & Cabezas, Isabel Casasbuenas & Restrepo-Baena, Oscar Jaime, 2020. "Socio-technical context of the interactions between large-scale and small-scale mining in Marmato, Colombia," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    10. Han-Chung Yang & Cheng-Wu Chen, 2012. "Potential hazard analysis from the viewpoint of flow measurement in large open-channel junctions," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 61(2), pages 803-813, March.
    11. Qinwen Li & Yafeng Lu & Yukuan Wang & Pei Xu, 2019. "Debris Flow Risk Assessment Based on a Water–Soil Process Model at the Watershed Scale Under Climate Change: A Case Study in a Debris-Flow-Prone Area of Southwest China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, June.

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