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Discretely sampled variance and volatility swaps versus their continuous approximations

Author

Listed:
  • Robert Jarrow
  • Younes Kchia
  • Martin Larsson
  • Philip Protter

Abstract

Discretely sampled variance and volatility swaps trade actively in OTC markets. To price these swaps, the continuously sampled approximation is often used to simplify the computations. The purpose of this paper is to study the conditions under which this approximation is valid. Our first set of theorems characterize the conditions under which the discretely sampled swap values are finite, given that the values of the continuous approximations exist. Surprisingly, for some otherwise reasonable price processes, the discretely sampled swap prices do not exist, thereby invalidating the approximation. Examples are provided. Assuming further that both swap values exist, we study sufficient conditions under which the discretely sampled values converge to their continuous counterparts. Because of its popularity in the literature, we apply our theorems to the 3/2 stochastic volatility model. Although we can show finiteness of all swap values, we can prove convergence of the approximation only for some parameter values. Copyright Springer-Verlag 2013

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Jarrow & Younes Kchia & Martin Larsson & Philip Protter, 2013. "Discretely sampled variance and volatility swaps versus their continuous approximations," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 17(2), pages 305-324, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:finsto:v:17:y:2013:i:2:p:305-324
    DOI: 10.1007/s00780-012-0183-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Peter Carr & Roger Lee & Liuren Wu, 2012. "Variance swaps on time-changed Lévy processes," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 335-355, April.
    2. Leunglung Chan & Eckhard Platen, 2010. "Exact Pricing and Hedging Formulas of Long Dated Variance Swaps under a $3/2$ Volatility Model," Papers 1007.2968, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2011.
    3. Leif Andersen & Vladimir Piterbarg, 2007. "Moment explosions in stochastic volatility models," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 29-50, January.
    4. Mark Broadie & Ashish Jain, 2008. "The Effect Of Jumps And Discrete Sampling On Volatility And Variance Swaps," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 11(08), pages 761-797.
    5. Peter Carr & Jian Sun, 2007. "A new approach for option pricing under stochastic volatility," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 10(2), pages 87-150, May.
    6. Peter Carr & Roger Lee, 2009. "Volatility Derivatives," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 1(1), pages 319-339, November.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Stefano De Marco & Caroline Hillairet & Antoine Jacquier, 2013. "Shapes of implied volatility with positive mass at zero," Papers 1310.1020, arXiv.org, revised May 2017.
    2. Dan Pirjol & Xiaoyu Wang & Lingjiong Zhu, 2024. "Short-maturity options on realized variance in local-stochastic volatility models," Papers 2411.02520, arXiv.org.
    3. Carol Alexander & Johannes Rauch, 2017. "The Aggregation Property and its Applications to Realised Higher Moments," Papers 1709.08188, arXiv.org.
    4. Wu, Bin & Chen, Pengzhan & Ye, Wuyi, 2024. "Variance swaps with mean reversion and multi-factor variance," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 315(1), pages 191-212.
    5. Filipović, Damir & Gourier, Elise & Mancini, Loriano, 2016. "Quadratic variance swap models," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 119(1), pages 44-68.
    6. Yang, Ben-Zhang & Yue, Jia & Wang, Ming-Hui & Huang, Nan-Jing, 2019. "Volatility swaps valuation under stochastic volatility with jumps and stochastic intensity," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 355(C), pages 73-84.
    7. M.E. Mancino & S. Scotti & G. Toscano, 2020. "Is the Variance Swap Rate Affine in the Spot Variance? Evidence from S&P500 Data," Applied Mathematical Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(4), pages 288-316, July.
    8. Zhe Zhao & Zhenyu Cui & Ionuţ Florescu, 2018. "VIX derivatives valuation and estimation based on closed-form series expansions," International Journal of Financial Engineering (IJFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 5(02), pages 1-18, June.
    9. Carol Alexander & Johannes Rauch, 2014. "Model-Free Discretisation-Invariant Swaps and S&P 500 Higher-Moment Risk Premia," Papers 1404.1351, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2016.
    10. Wang, Xingchun & Fu, Jianping & Wang, Guanying & Wang, Yongjin, 2015. "Quadratic hedging strategies for volatility swaps," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 15(C), pages 125-132.
    11. Carol Alexander & Johannes Rauch, 2016. "Model-Free Discretisation-Invariant Swap Contracts," Papers 1602.00235, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2016.
    12. David Hobson & Martin Klimmek, 2011. "Model independent hedging strategies for variance swaps," Papers 1104.4010, arXiv.org, revised May 2011.
    13. Stefano De Marco & Caroline Hillairet & Antoine Jacquier, 2017. "Shapes of implied volatility with positive mass at zero," Working Papers 2017-77, Center for Research in Economics and Statistics.
    14. Alexander, Carol & Rauch, Johannes, 2021. "A general property for time aggregation," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 291(2), pages 536-548.
    15. Carole Bernard & Zhenyu Cui, 2013. "Prices and Asymptotics for Discrete Variance Swaps," Papers 1305.7092, arXiv.org.
    16. Wang, Xingchun, 2016. "Catastrophe equity put options with target variance," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 79-86.
    17. Alexandru Badescu & Zhenyu Cui & Juan-Pablo Ortega, 2019. "Closed-form variance swap prices under general affine GARCH models and their continuous-time limits," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 282(1), pages 27-57, November.
    18. Carole Bernard & Zhenyu Cui & Don McLeish, 2013. "Convergence of the discrete variance swap in time-homogeneous diffusion models," Papers 1310.0099, arXiv.org.
    19. Cui, Zhenyu & Lars Kirkby, J. & Nguyen, Duy, 2017. "A general framework for discretely sampled realized variance derivatives in stochastic volatility models with jumps," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 262(1), pages 381-400.
    20. Aït-Sahalia, Yacine & Karaman, Mustafa & Mancini, Loriano, 2020. "The term structure of equity and variance risk premia," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 219(2), pages 204-230.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Variance swaps; Volatility swaps; NFLVR; Semimartingales; 60G35; 60G44; C65; C69; G12;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C65 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
    • C69 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Other
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates

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