IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ejores/v315y2024i1p191-212.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Variance swaps with mean reversion and multi-factor variance

Author

Listed:
  • Wu, Bin
  • Chen, Pengzhan
  • Ye, Wuyi

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel model for the valuation of variance swaps that incorporates a multi-factor stochastic spot variance and a multi-factor stochastic long-term variance, while allowing mean reversion in the asset price and a co-jump structure in the model. We propose a general analytical approach for pricing discretely monitored variance swaps via a moment-based method and confirm its accuracy and efficiency using Monte Carlo simulations. Our empirical results indicate that the model with a three-factor spot variance and a one-factor long-term variance significantly outperforms other nested models. The incorporation of multiple factors in our model is essential not only for fitting market data, but also for reconciling the term structure of variance swaps.

Suggested Citation

  • Wu, Bin & Chen, Pengzhan & Ye, Wuyi, 2024. "Variance swaps with mean reversion and multi-factor variance," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 315(1), pages 191-212.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:ejores:v:315:y:2024:i:1:p:191-212
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2023.12.012
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377221723009451
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ejor.2023.12.012?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Torben G. Andersen & Nicola Fusari & Viktor Todorov, 2015. "Parametric Inference and Dynamic State Recovery From Option Panels," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 83(3), pages 1081-1145, May.
    2. Lazar, Emese & Qi, Shuyuan, 2022. "Model risk in the over-the-counter market," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 298(2), pages 769-784.
    3. Peixuan Yuan, 2022. "Time-Varying Skew in VIX Derivatives Pricing," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(10), pages 7761-7791, October.
    4. S. G. Kou, 2002. "A Jump-Diffusion Model for Option Pricing," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 48(8), pages 1086-1101, August.
    5. Carole Bernard & Zhenyu Cui, 2014. "Prices and Asymptotics for Discrete Variance Swaps," Applied Mathematical Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(2), pages 140-173, April.
    6. Lian, Guanghua & Zhu, Song-Ping & Elliott, Robert J. & Cui, Zhenyu, 2017. "Semi-analytical valuation for discrete barrier options under time-dependent Lévy processes," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 167-183.
    7. Pan, Jun, 2002. "The jump-risk premia implicit in options: evidence from an integrated time-series study," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(1), pages 3-50, January.
    8. Carr, Peter & Wu, Liuren, 2017. "Leverage Effect, Volatility Feedback, and Self-Exciting Market Disruptions," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 52(5), pages 2119-2156, October.
    9. Bakshi, Gurdip & Cao, Charles & Chen, Zhiwu, 1997. "Empirical Performance of Alternative Option Pricing Models," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(5), pages 2003-2049, December.
    10. David S. Bates, 2019. "How Crashes Develop: Intradaily Volatility and Crash Evolution," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 74(1), pages 193-238, February.
    11. Peter Christoffersen & Steven Heston & Kris Jacobs, 2009. "The Shape and Term Structure of the Index Option Smirk: Why Multifactor Stochastic Volatility Models Work So Well," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 55(12), pages 1914-1932, December.
    12. Diebold, Francis X & Mariano, Roberto S, 2002. "Comparing Predictive Accuracy," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(1), pages 134-144, January.
    13. Newey, Whitney K & West, Kenneth D, 1987. "Hypothesis Testing with Efficient Method of Moments Estimation," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 28(3), pages 777-787, October.
    14. Andrews, Donald W K, 1991. "Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimation," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(3), pages 817-858, May.
    15. Andersen, Torben G. & Fusari, Nicola & Todorov, Viktor, 2015. "The risk premia embedded in index options," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(3), pages 558-584.
    16. Mark Broadie & Özgür Kaya, 2006. "Exact Simulation of Stochastic Volatility and Other Affine Jump Diffusion Processes," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 54(2), pages 217-231, April.
    17. Darrell Duffie & Jun Pan & Kenneth Singleton, 2000. "Transform Analysis and Asset Pricing for Affine Jump-Diffusions," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 68(6), pages 1343-1376, November.
    18. Heston, Steven L, 1993. "A Closed-Form Solution for Options with Stochastic Volatility with Applications to Bond and Currency Options," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 6(2), pages 327-343.
    19. S. G. Kou & Hui Wang, 2004. "Option Pricing Under a Double Exponential Jump Diffusion Model," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(9), pages 1178-1192, September.
    20. Filipović, Damir & Mayerhofer, Eberhard & Schneider, Paul, 2013. "Density approximations for multivariate affine jump-diffusion processes," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 176(2), pages 93-111.
    21. Bakshi, Gurdip & Carr, Peter & Wu, Liuren, 2008. "Stochastic risk premiums, stochastic skewness in currency options, and stochastic discount factors in international economies," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 132-156, January.
    22. Amengual, Dante & Xiu, Dacheng, 2018. "Resolution of policy uncertainty and sudden declines in volatility," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 203(2), pages 297-315.
    23. Pun, Chi Seng & Chung, Shing Fung & Wong, Hoi Ying, 2015. "Variance swap with mean reversion, multifactor stochastic volatility and jumps," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 245(2), pages 571-580.
    24. Fulvio Corsi, 2009. "A Simple Approximate Long-Memory Model of Realized Volatility," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 7(2), pages 174-196, Spring.
    25. Chung, Shing Fung & Wong, Hoi Ying, 2014. "Analytical pricing of discrete arithmetic Asian options with mean reversion and jumps," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 130-140.
    26. Bardgett, Chris & Gourier, Elise & Leippold, Markus, 2019. "Inferring volatility dynamics and risk premia from the S&P 500 and VIX markets," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(3), pages 593-618.
    27. Bates, David S, 1996. "Jumps and Stochastic Volatility: Exchange Rate Processes Implicit in Deutsche Mark Options," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 9(1), pages 69-107.
    28. Fusai, Gianluca & Marena, Marina & Roncoroni, Andrea, 2008. "Analytical pricing of discretely monitored Asian-style options: Theory and application to commodity markets," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(10), pages 2033-2045, October.
    29. Peter Christoffersen & Christian Dorion & Kris Jacobs & Lotfi Karoui, 2014. "Nonlinear Kalman Filtering in Affine Term Structure Models," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 60(9), pages 2248-2268, September.
    30. Andras Fulop & Junye Li & Jun Yu, 2015. "Self-Exciting Jumps, Learning, and Asset Pricing Implications," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 28(3), pages 876-912.
    31. Cui, Zhenyu & Lars Kirkby, J. & Nguyen, Duy, 2017. "A general framework for discretely sampled realized variance derivatives in stochastic volatility models with jumps," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 262(1), pages 381-400.
    32. Bjørn Eraker & Michael Johannes & Nicholas Polson, 2003. "The Impact of Jumps in Volatility and Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 58(3), pages 1269-1300, June.
    33. Filipović, Damir & Gourier, Elise & Mancini, Loriano, 2016. "Quadratic variance swap models," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 119(1), pages 44-68.
    34. Mark Broadie & Ashish Jain, 2008. "The Effect Of Jumps And Discrete Sampling On Volatility And Variance Swaps," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 11(08), pages 761-797.
    35. Hong, Yi & Jin, Xing, 2022. "Pricing of variance swap rates and investment decisions of variance swaps: Evidence from a three-factor model," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 303(2), pages 975-985.
    36. George J. Jiang & Yisong S. Tian, 2005. "The Model-Free Implied Volatility and Its Information Content," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 18(4), pages 1305-1342.
    37. Robert Jarrow & Younes Kchia & Martin Larsson & Philip Protter, 2013. "Discretely sampled variance and volatility swaps versus their continuous approximations," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 17(2), pages 305-324, April.
    38. Du Du & Dan Luo, 2019. "The Pricing of Jump Propagation: Evidence from Spot and Options Markets," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(5), pages 2360-2387, May.
    39. Egloff, Daniel & Leippold, Markus & Wu, Liuren, 2010. "The Term Structure of Variance Swap Rates and Optimal Variance Swap Investments," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 45(5), pages 1279-1310, October.
    40. Aït-Sahalia, Yacine & Karaman, Mustafa & Mancini, Loriano, 2020. "The term structure of equity and variance risk premia," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 219(2), pages 204-230.
    41. Kaeck, Andreas & Alexander, Carol, 2012. "Volatility dynamics for the S&P 500: Further evidence from non-affine, multi-factor jump diffusions," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 3110-3121.
    42. Eraker, Bjørn & Wu, Yue, 2017. "Explaining the negative returns to volatility claims: An equilibrium approach," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(1), pages 72-98.
    43. Recchioni, Maria Cristina & Iori, Giulia & Tedeschi, Gabriele & Ouellette, Michelle S., 2021. "The complete Gaussian kernel in the multi-factor Heston model: Option pricing and implied volatility applications," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 293(1), pages 336-360.
    44. Aït-Sahalia, Yacine & Cacho-Diaz, Julio & Laeven, Roger J.A., 2015. "Modeling financial contagion using mutually exciting jump processes," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(3), pages 585-606.
    45. Peter Carr & Roger Lee, 2009. "Volatility Derivatives," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 1(1), pages 319-339, November.
    46. Junye Li & Gabriele Zinna, 2018. "The Variance Risk Premium: Components, Term Structures, and Stock Return Predictability," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(3), pages 411-425, July.
    47. Fulop, Andras & Li, Junye, 2019. "Bayesian estimation of dynamic asset pricing models with informative observations," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 209(1), pages 114-138.
    48. Wendong Zheng & Yue Kuen Kwok, 2014. "Closed Form Pricing Formulas For Discretely Sampled Generalized Variance Swaps," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(4), pages 855-881, October.
    49. Steven Kou & Cindy Yu & Haowen Zhong, 2017. "Jumps in Equity Index Returns Before and During the Recent Financial Crisis: A Bayesian Analysis," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 63(4), pages 988-1010, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Peixuan Yuan, 2022. "Time-Varying Skew in VIX Derivatives Pricing," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(10), pages 7761-7791, October.
    2. Xinglin Yang & Ji Chen, 2021. "VIX term structure: The role of jump propagation risks," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(6), pages 785-810, June.
    3. Du Du & Dan Luo, 2019. "The Pricing of Jump Propagation: Evidence from Spot and Options Markets," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(5), pages 2360-2387, May.
    4. Boswijk, H. Peter & Laeven, Roger J.A. & Vladimirov, Evgenii, 2024. "Estimating option pricing models using a characteristic function-based linear state space representation," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 244(1).
    5. Aït-Sahalia, Yacine & Karaman, Mustafa & Mancini, Loriano, 2020. "The term structure of equity and variance risk premia," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 219(2), pages 204-230.
    6. Yan Qu & Angelos Dassios & Hongbiao Zhao, 2023. "Shot-noise cojumps: Exact simulation and option pricing," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 74(3), pages 647-665, March.
    7. Qu, Yan & Dassios, Angelos & Zhao, Hongbiao, 2023. "Shot-noise cojumps: exact simulation and option pricing," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 111537, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    8. Michael C. Fu & Bingqing Li & Rongwen Wu & Tianqi Zhang, 2020. "Option Pricing Under a Discrete-Time Markov Switching Stochastic Volatility with Co-Jump Model," Papers 2006.15054, arXiv.org.
    9. Ballotta, Laura & Rayée, Grégory, 2022. "Smiles & smirks: Volatility and leverage by jumps," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 298(3), pages 1145-1161.
    10. Aït-Sahalia, Yacine & Li, Chenxu & Li, Chen Xu, 2021. "Closed-form implied volatility surfaces for stochastic volatility models with jumps," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 222(1), pages 364-392.
    11. Diego Amaya & Jean-François Bégin & Geneviève Gauthier, 2022. "The Informational Content of High-Frequency Option Prices," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(3), pages 2166-2201, March.
    12. Bardgett, Chris & Gourier, Elise & Leippold, Markus, 2019. "Inferring volatility dynamics and risk premia from the S&P 500 and VIX markets," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(3), pages 593-618.
    13. Brignone, Riccardo & Gonzato, Luca & Lütkebohmert, Eva, 2023. "Efficient Quasi-Bayesian Estimation of Affine Option Pricing Models Using Risk-Neutral Cumulants," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    14. Calvet, Laurent E. & Fearnley, Marcus & Fisher, Adlai J. & Leippold, Markus, 2015. "What is beneath the surface? Option pricing with multifrequency latent states," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 187(2), pages 498-511.
    15. Kaeck, Andreas & Rodrigues, Paulo & Seeger, Norman J., 2017. "Equity index variance: Evidence from flexible parametric jump–diffusion models," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 85-103.
    16. Carverhill, Andrew & Luo, Dan, 2023. "A Bayesian analysis of time-varying jump risk in S&P 500 returns and options," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    17. Gurdip Bakshi & Charles Cao & Zhaodong (Ken) Zhong, 2021. "Assessing models of individual equity option prices," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 1-28, July.
    18. Filipović, Damir & Gourier, Elise & Mancini, Loriano, 2016. "Quadratic variance swap models," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 119(1), pages 44-68.
    19. Jiling Cao & Xinfeng Ruan & Wenjun Zhang, 2020. "Inferring information from the S&P 500, CBOE VIX, and CBOE SKEW indices," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(6), pages 945-973, June.
    20. Cui, Zhenyu & Lars Kirkby, J. & Nguyen, Duy, 2017. "A general framework for discretely sampled realized variance derivatives in stochastic volatility models with jumps," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 262(1), pages 381-400.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:ejores:v:315:y:2024:i:1:p:191-212. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/eor .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.