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Closing the Loop: Valorization of Industrial Fats, Oils, and Grease as a Biodiesel Source

Author

Listed:
  • Nole Mae S. Utlang

    (University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines)

  • Sarah Mae S. Utlang

    (University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines)

  • Emma Mie L. Paler

    (University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines)

  • Rechielyn C. Salvatierra

    (University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines)

  • Justin C. Paday

    (University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines)

  • Dennis A. Mugot

    (University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines)

  • Val Irvin F. Mabayo

    (University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines)

  • Renato O. Arazo

    (University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines)

Abstract

Guided by circular economy principles, this research presents a novel approach to biodiesel production. We explore the use of fats, oils, and grease (FOG) extracted from a food processing plant’s grease trap as a biodiesel source. The FOG underwent treatment using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) obtained from discarded lead-acid batteries, effectively reducing its acidity level from 8.4 mg NaOH/g to 0.65 mg NaOH/g. The transesterification process, optimized using Central Composite Design (CCD) with Design Expert 7.0 software, identified optimum conditions for biodiesel production: an 8:1 ratio of methanol to oil, a catalyst loading of 0.3 g, and a reaction time of 40 min, resulting in a yield of 84.21 ± 1.54%. Analysis revealed promising characteristics such as a density of 0.86 g/cm3, a high heating value (HHV) of 41.9 MJ/kg, and a viscosity ranging from 1.5 to 1.9 mm2/s. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups suitable for biodiesel production, and the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition analysis indicated substantial amounts of oleic and stearic acids. These findings demonstrate a 5–10% increase in biodiesel yield over conventional methods, underscoring the study’s advances in resource efficiency and sustainable energy production.

Suggested Citation

  • Nole Mae S. Utlang & Sarah Mae S. Utlang & Emma Mie L. Paler & Rechielyn C. Salvatierra & Justin C. Paday & Dennis A. Mugot & Val Irvin F. Mabayo & Renato O. Arazo, 2024. "Closing the Loop: Valorization of Industrial Fats, Oils, and Grease as a Biodiesel Source," Circular Economy and Sustainability, Springer, vol. 4(4), pages 2397-2412, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:circec:v:4:y:2024:i:4:d:10.1007_s43615-024-00407-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s43615-024-00407-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cherng-Yuan Lin & Yi-Wei Lin, 2012. "Fuel Characteristics of Biodiesel Produced from a High-Acid Oil from Soybean Soapstock by Supercritical-Methanol Transesterification," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(7), pages 1-11, July.
    2. Melad Atrash & Karen Molina & El-Or Sharoni & Gilbert Azwat & Marina Nisnevitch & Yael Albo & Faina Nakonechny, 2023. "Toward Efficient Continuous Production of Biodiesel from Brown Grease," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-17, May.
    3. Montefrio, Marvin Joseph & Xinwen, Tai & Obbard, Jeffrey Philip, 2010. "Recovery and pre-treatment of fats, oil and grease from grease interceptors for biodiesel production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(10), pages 3155-3161, October.
    4. Shurooq T. Al-Humairi & Jonathan G. M. Lee & Musa Salihu & Adam P. Harvey, 2022. "Biodiesel Production through Acid Catalyst In Situ Reactive Extraction of Chlorella vulgaris Foamate," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-20, June.
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