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Spatial machine learning: new opportunities for regional science

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  • Katarzyna Kopczewska

    (University of Warsaw)

Abstract

This paper is a methodological guide to using machine learning in the spatial context. It provides an overview of the existing spatial toolbox proposed in the literature: unsupervised learning, which deals with clustering of spatial data, and supervised learning, which displaces classical spatial econometrics. It shows the potential of using this developing methodology, as well as its pitfalls. It catalogues and comments on the usage of spatial clustering methods (for locations and values, both separately and jointly) for mapping, bootstrapping, cross-validation, GWR modelling and density indicators. It provides details of spatial machine learning models, which are combined with spatial data integration, modelling, model fine-tuning and predictions to deal with spatial autocorrelation and big data. The paper delineates “already available” and “forthcoming” methods and gives inspiration for transplanting modern quantitative methods from other thematic areas to research in regional science.

Suggested Citation

  • Katarzyna Kopczewska, 2022. "Spatial machine learning: new opportunities for regional science," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 68(3), pages 713-755, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:anresc:v:68:y:2022:i:3:d:10.1007_s00168-021-01101-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s00168-021-01101-x
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    Cited by:

    1. Rodrigo García Arancibia & Pamela Llop & Mariel Lovatto, 2023. "Nonparametric prediction for univariate spatial data: Methods and applications," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 102(3), pages 635-672, June.
    2. Alessia Benevento & Fabrizio Durante, 2023. "Wasserstein Dissimilarity for Copula-Based Clustering of Time Series with Spatial Information," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-15, December.
    3. Metz-Peeters, Maike, 2023. "The Effects of Mandatory Speed Limits on Crash Frequency - A Causal Machine Learning Approach," Ruhr Economic Papers 982, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen, revised 2023.
    4. Rolf Bergs & Rüdiger Budde, 2022. "The potential of small-scale spatial data in regional science," Review of Regional Research: Jahrbuch für Regionalwissenschaft, Springer;Gesellschaft für Regionalforschung (GfR), vol. 42(2), pages 97-110, August.
    5. Muhammad Usman & Katarzyna Kopczewska, 2022. "Spatial and Machine Learning Approach to Model Childhood Stunting in Pakistan: Role of Socio-Economic and Environmental Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-17, September.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C31 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions; Social Interaction Models
    • R10 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - General
    • C49 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Other

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